The aim of the study was to identify dietary patterns (DP) and examine differences in anthropometric measures, blood pressure (BP), cardiorespiratory fitness and nutritional knowledge of 6- and 10-year-old children at baseline and following a nutrition and physical activity intervention, with respect to DP and treatment group. This is a longitudinal study. Food diary, nutritional knowledge questionnaire and 550-m walk/run test measured dietary intake, nutritional knowledge and cardiorespiratory fitness, respectively. BP, weight, height and waist circumference were also measured and BMI and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were derived. All measurements were performed at baseline and following intervention. Two primary schools (one intervention, one control) in Cork, Ireland, were selected. Participants were 6- (n 39, age 5·9 (sd 0·6) years) and 10- (n 49, age 9·8 (sd 0·5) years)-year-olds. Two DP were identified, using k-means cluster analysis, for both 6- (unhealthy and nutrient-dense) and 10-year-olds (processed and Western diet) at baseline. DP derived post-intervention were (1) plant-based and (2) processed foods for 6-year-olds and (1) nutrient-dense and (2) unhealthy for 10-year-olds. There was no statistically significant difference in DP for 6- and 10-year-olds at baseline and post-intervention (P > 0·05). Following the intervention, a multivariate ANOVA showed there were no statistically significant differences in nutritional knowledge, BMI, WHtR, cardiorespiratory fitness and BP based on DP and intervention/control group for both age groups (P > 0·05). Three out of four dietary patterns identified for 6- and 10-year-olds were unfavourable. While no statistically significant evidence of intervention impact was found on DP, a positive trend was emerging among 10-year-olds.

中文翻译：

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识别爱尔兰学童的饮食模式及其与干预前后营养知识和健康指标的关联

该研究的目的是确定饮食模式 (DP) 并检查 6 岁和 10 岁儿童在基线和营养和体育活动后的人体测量指标、血压 (BP)、心肺健康和营养知识方面的差异干预，关于 DP 和治疗组。这是一项纵向研究。食物日记、营养知识问卷和 550 米步行/跑步测试分别测量了饮食摄入量、营养知识和心肺健康。还测量了血压、体重、身高和腰围，并得出了 BMI 和腰高比 (WHtR)。所有测量均在基线和干预后进行。选择了爱尔兰科克的两所小学（一所干预，一所对照）。参与者为 6- (n39岁，5·9岁（sd0·6) 年) 和 10- (n49岁，9·8（sd0·5) 岁) 岁。确定了两个 DP，使用ķ- 表示聚类分析，针对基线时的 6 岁（不健康和营养丰富）和 10 岁儿童（加工和西方饮食）。干预后衍生的 DP 是 (1) 6 岁儿童的植物性食品和 (2) 加工食品和 (1) 营养丰富的食品和 (2) 10 岁儿童的不健康食品。基线和干预后 6 岁和 10 岁儿童的 DP 没有统计学上的显着差异（磷> 0·05)。干预后，多变量 ANOVA 显示，基于 DP 和干预/对照组，两个年龄组的营养知识、BMI、WHtR、心肺健康和 BP 没有统计学上的显着差异。磷> 0·05)。为 6 岁和 10 岁儿童确定的四分之三的饮食模式是不利的。虽然没有发现干预对 DP 的影响具有统计学意义的证据，但 10 岁儿童中出现了积极的趋势。