Abstract

The importance of biological agents has been recognized as a promising tool for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles over conventional physiochemical methods that are laden with various type of drawbacks. The biomediated nanoparticles synthesis chiefly employing microorganisms and plants as nanofactories is gaining worldwide popularity over past few decades. Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles have demonstrated desirable physical and chemical and antimicrobial properties among other metallic nanoparticles. This article represents a comprehensive review of biosynthesis route for silver nanoparticles formation including the mechanism, extra- and intra-cellular types and remarkable outcomes of previously conducted research works on biosynthesis. Broad antimicrobial spectra including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, sporicidal of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles with major emphasis on their potential applications in biocatalysis, biosensing, food packaging and preservation, pest killing and plant growth promotion, biomedicine and diagnostics etc. have been discussed. Moreover, this article also encompasses meticulous description on challenges and future prospects of biosynthesis of nanoparticles.

摘要

生物制剂的重要性已被认为是一种有前途的工具，用于绿色合成银纳米颗粒，而不是传统的具有各种缺陷的物理化学方法。在过去的几十年里，主要使用微生物和植物作为纳米工厂的生物介导的纳米粒子合成在世界范围内越来越受欢迎。生物合成的银纳米粒子在其他金属纳米粒子中表现出理想的物理、化学和抗菌性能。本文全面回顾了银纳米粒子形成的生物合成途径，包括机制、细胞外和细胞内类型以及先前进行的生物合成研究工作的显着成果。广泛的抗菌谱，包括抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒、已经讨论了生物合成银纳米粒子的杀孢子，主要强调它们在生物催化、生物传感、食品包装和保存、害虫杀灭和植物生长促进、生物医学和诊断等方面的潜在应用。此外，本文还对纳米颗粒生物合成的挑战和未来前景进行了细致的描述。