Abstract Context Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Roem. et Schult. (Chloranthaceae) is an herb widely used as a folk medicine treating inflammatory diseases, although it is toxic. Objective To investigate hepatotoxicity and related mechanisms induced by ethanol extracts of different parts of C. serratus in rats. Materials and methods Sprague Dawley rats were divided into control (Con), ethanol extract of roots (ER), stems (ES), and leaves (EL) groups, and acute oral toxicity studies were conducted. The rats received doses of 4.14, 3.20, and 1.16 g/kg/d extracts for 14 days, respectively. Liver index, liver function and oxidative stress biomarkers, liver pathology, ultrastructure, TNF-α, ICAM-1, and Nrf2/HO-1 proteins expression levels were determined. Results The LD50 of ER, ES, and EL were higher than 10.35, 8.05, and 2.90 g/kg/p.o., respectively. The liver indexes in the extract groups increased significantly. EL dramatically increased TP, GLB, AST, ALT, ALP, TBA, MDA, ICAM-1, and TNF-α levels (p < 0.01), and induced the most obvious pathological and ultrastructural changes. ES and EL obviously decreased the T-SOD, GSH, CAT, and CHOL levels. Nrf2 and HO-1 proteins expression was reduced significantly in ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) and EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) groups, and reduced slightly in ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) group. Discussion and conclusion ES and EL induce stronger hepatotoxicity than ER through oxidative stress and the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, and the root is a better medicinal part, which provides a basis for clinical research, safe applications, and reasonable development of C. serratus.

中文翻译：

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金黄花不同部位乙醇提取物对大鼠氧化应激介导的肝毒性

摘要语境 Chloranthus serratus (Thunb.) Roem。等舒尔特。（Chloranthaceae）是一种广泛用作治疗炎症性疾病的民间药物，虽然它是有毒的。目的探讨锯齿草不同部位乙醇提取物对大鼠的肝毒性及相关机制。材料与方法将Sprague Dawley大鼠分为对照组（Con）、根乙醇提取物（ER）、茎（ES）和叶（EL）组，进行急性经口毒性研究。大鼠分别接受 4.14、3.20 和 1.16 g/kg/d 提取物的剂量，持续 14 天。测定肝脏指数、肝功能和氧化应激生物标志物、肝脏病理学、超微结构、TNF-α、ICAM-1 和 Nrf2/HO-1 蛋白表达水平。结果ER、ES和EL的LD50分别高于10.35、8.05和2.90 g/kg/po。提取物组肝指数显着升高。EL显着增加TP、GLB、AST、ALT、ALP、TBA、MDA、ICAM-1和TNF-α水平（p < 0.01），并引起最明显的病理和超微结构变化。ES和EL明显降低T-SOD、GSH、CAT和CHOL水平。Nrf2 和 HO-1 蛋白表达在 ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) 和 EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) 组中显着降低，在 ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) 组中略有降低。讨论与结论 ES和EL通过氧化应激和Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导比ER更强的肝毒性，根是较好的药用部位，为锯齿草的临床研究、安全应用和合理开发提供依据. EL显着增加TP、GLB、AST、ALT、ALP、TBA、MDA、ICAM-1和TNF-α水平（p < 0.01），并引起最明显的病理和超微结构变化。ES和EL明显降低T-SOD、GSH、CAT和CHOL水平。Nrf2 和 HO-1 蛋白表达在 ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) 和 EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) 组中显着降低，在 ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) 组中略有降低。讨论与结论 ES和EL通过氧化应激和Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导比ER更强的肝毒性，根是较好的药用部位，为锯齿草的临床研究、安全应用和合理开发提供依据. EL显着增加TP、GLB、AST、ALT、ALP、TBA、MDA、ICAM-1和TNF-α水平（p < 0.01），并引起最明显的病理和超微结构变化。ES和EL明显降低T-SOD、GSH、CAT和CHOL水平。Nrf2 和 HO-1 蛋白表达在 ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) 和 EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) 组中显着降低，在 ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) 组中略有降低。讨论与结论 ES和EL通过氧化应激和Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导比ER更强的肝毒性，根是较好的药用部位，为锯齿草的临床研究、安全应用和合理开发提供依据. ES和EL明显降低T-SOD、GSH、CAT和CHOL水平。Nrf2 和 HO-1 蛋白表达在 ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) 和 EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) 组中显着降低，在 ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) 组中略有降低。讨论与结论 ES和EL通过氧化应激和Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导比ER更强的肝毒性，根是较好的药用部位，为锯齿草的临床研究、安全应用和合理开发提供依据. ES和EL明显降低T-SOD、GSH、CAT和CHOL水平。Nrf2 和 HO-1 蛋白表达在 ES (0.77 ± 0.06, 2.33 ± 0.20) 和 EL (0.23 ± 0.04, 2.14 ± 0.16) 组中显着降低，在 ER (1.08 ± 0.10; 3.39 ± 0.21) 组中略有降低。讨论与结论 ES和EL通过氧化应激和Nrf2/HO-1通路诱导比ER更强的肝毒性，根是较好的药用部位，为锯齿草的临床研究、安全应用和合理开发提供依据.