The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) is not yet close to being over, more than 8 months after the first cases, but researchers are making great progress in fighting the disease. We have conducted a brief review of the geographic differences in the prevalence of COVID‐19, the updated pathological findings, prognostic factors, and treatments for disease prevention and improvement of prognosis. Although hydroxychloroquine and tocilizumab have been recommended by some researchers, many clinical trials have failed to confirm any beneficial effect of these and other drugs on COVID‐19, in terms of improved clinical status or reduced patient mortality. Currently, glucocorticoid is the only drug that reduces the mortality of COVID‐19 in a randomized controlled trial; however, it is still necessary to establish the optimal timing of administration. It is also urgent to set up an international or national cohort to address the risk factors associated with infection, the natural history of COVID‐19, including the disease type, surrogate markers for critically ill, long‐term sequelae, and reinfection after exposure, identify responders to glucocorticoid, and establish optimal treatment strategies for disease control.

中文翻译：

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COVID-19的发病机制，预后因素和治疗策略：紧急建议

新型冠状病毒疾病（COVID-19）的大流行尚未结束，距首例病例已超过8个月，但研究人员在抗击这种疾病方面取得了巨大进展。我们对COVID-19的患病率，最新的病理结果，预后因素以及疾病预防和改善预后的治疗方法的地理差异进行了简要回顾。尽管一些研究人员推荐了羟氯喹和托珠单抗，但从改善临床状况或降低患者死亡率的角度来看，许多临床试验未能证实这些药物和其他药物对COVID-19的任何有益作用。目前，在一项随机对照试验中，糖皮质激素是唯一降低COVID-19死亡率的药物。然而，仍然有必要确定最佳的给药时机。同样迫切需要建立一个国际或国家队列，以解决与感染相关的危险因素，COVID-19的自然病史，包括疾病类型，危重病，长期后遗症的替代标志物以及暴露后的再感染，确定对糖皮质激素的反应者，并建立疾病控制的最佳治疗策略。