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Fitness benefits to bacteria of carrying prophages and prophage‐encoded antibiotic‐resistance genes peak in different environments
Evolution ( IF 3.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-01-06 , DOI: 10.1111/evo.14153
Carolin C Wendling 1 , Dominik Refardt 2 , Alex R Hall 1
Affiliation  

Understanding the role of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in adaptation is a key challenge in evolutionary biology. In microbes, an important mechanism of HGT is prophage acquisition (phage genomes integrated into bacterial chromosomes). Prophages can influence bacterial fitness via transfer of beneficial genes (including antibiotic-resistance genes, ARGs), protection from superinfecting phages, or switching to a lytic lifecycle which releases free phages infectious to competitors. We expect these effects to depend on environmental conditions because of, for example, environment-dependent induction of the lytic lifecycle. However, it remains unclear how costs/benefits of prophages vary across environments. Here, studying prophages with/without ARGs in Escherichia coli, we disentangled effects of prophages alone and adaptive genes they carry. In competition with prophage-free strains, benefits from prophages and ARGs peaked in different environments. Prophages were most beneficial when induction of the lytic lifecycle was common, whereas ARGs were more beneficial upon antibiotic exposure and with reduced prophage induction. Acquisition of prophage-encoded ARGs by competing strains was most common when prophage induction, and therefore free phages, were common. Thus, selection on prophages and adaptive genes they carry varies independently across environments, which is important for predicting the spread of mobile/integrating genetic elements and their role in evolution. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译:

携带原噬菌体和原噬菌体编码的抗生素抗性基因的细菌在不同环境中的健康益处达到峰值

了解水平基因转移 (HGT) 在适应中的作用是进化生物学中的一个关键挑战。在微生物中,HGT 的一个重要机制是获得原噬菌体(噬菌体基因组整合到细菌染色体中)。噬菌体可以通过有益基因(包括抗生素抗性基因,ARGs)的转移、保护免受噬菌体的双重感染或转换到裂解生命周期来影响细菌适应性,从而释放对竞争者具有感染性的游离噬菌体。我们预计这些影响取决于环境条件,例如,裂解生命周期的环境依赖性诱导。然而,目前尚不清楚原噬菌体的成本/收益如何因环境而异。在这里,研究大肠杆菌中有/没有 ARG 的原噬菌体,我们解开了单独的原噬菌体和它们携带的适应性基因的影响。在与无原噬菌体菌株的竞争中,来自原噬菌体和 ARGs 的益处在不同环境中达到顶峰。当裂解生命周期的诱导很常见时,原噬菌体最有益,而 ARG 在抗生素暴露和原噬菌体诱导减少时更有益。当原噬菌体诱导和游离噬菌体很常见时,竞争菌株获得原噬菌体编码的 ARG 是最常见的。因此,对它们携带的原噬菌体和适应性基因的选择在不同环境中独立变化,这对于预测移动/整合遗传元件的传播及其在进化中的作用很重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。当裂解生命周期的诱导很常见时,原噬菌体最有益,而 ARG 在抗生素暴露和原噬菌体诱导减少时更有益。当原噬菌体诱导和游离噬菌体很常见时,竞争菌株获得原噬菌体编码的 ARG 是最常见的。因此,对它们携带的原噬菌体和适应性基因的选择在不同环境中独立变化,这对于预测移动/整合遗传元件的传播及其在进化中的作用很重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。当裂解生命周期的诱导很常见时,原噬菌体最有益,而 ARGs 在抗生素暴露和原噬菌体诱导减少时更有益。当原噬菌体诱导和游离噬菌体很常见时,竞争菌株获得原噬菌体编码的 ARG 是最常见的。因此,对它们携带的原噬菌体和适应性基因的选择在不同环境中独立变化,这对于预测移动/整合遗传元件的传播及其在进化中的作用很重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。它们携带的原噬菌体和适应性基因的选择在不同环境中独立变化,这对于预测移动/整合遗传元件的传播及其在进化中的作用很重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。它们携带的原噬菌体和适应性基因的选择在不同环境中独立变化,这对于预测移动/整合遗传元件的传播及其在进化中的作用很重要。本文受版权保护。版权所有。
更新日期:2021-01-06
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