Chemical contaminants such as industrial and urban by-products, pharmaceuticals, drugs metabolites and, plastics, are continuously found in the oceans, affecting its quality and organism's welfare. Although these compounds are found at concentrations ranged ng L⁻¹, there is an increasing concern about the potential adverse effects of the interactions among those substances present, simultaneously, in a mixture. In the present study, specimens of sea bream (Sparus aurata) were exposed, by food, to rising concentrations of a mixture of carbamazepine, polybrominated diphenyl ether-47 and cadmium chloride, for 15 days and then, maintained, with the same control diet, without contaminants, for other 15 days. Samples of skin mucus, serum, head-kidney, liver and intestine were sampled at 0, 15 and 30 days. Cellular immune parameters were evaluated on head-kidney, as well as humoral parameters were determined on skin mucus and serum. In addition, the expression of some genes, related to immunity, was analysed on liver and intestine. Both cellular and humoral response were affected at 15 days, showing slightly signs of recovery at 30 days. Besides, the expression of immune-related genes was highly affected, suggesting the development of inflammatory processes, as well as a reduction of immune parameters. Overall, the mixture of compounds severally affected the immune system of sea bream, suggesting a lower degree of recovery. The prolonged exposure to a mixture of these compounds could entail serious change on population immunity and, eventually, promote changes on marine biota.

在海洋中不断发现化学污染物，例如工业和城市副产品，药品，药物代谢产物和塑料，从而影响其质量和生物体的福祉。尽管发现这些化合物的浓度范围为ng L ^-1，但人们越来越关注同时存在于混合物中的这些物质之间相互作用的潜在不利影响。在本研究中，鲷鱼（Sparus aurata）的标本）通过食物暴露于浓度不断升高的卡马西平，多溴二苯醚-47和氯化镉的混合物中15天，然后在无污染物的情况下以相同的对照饮食保持另外15天。在第0、15和30天取样皮肤粘液，血清，头肾，肝和肠。在头肾上评估细胞免疫参数，并在皮肤粘液和血清上测定体液参数。另外，在肝和肠上分析了一些与免疫相关的基因的表达。细胞和体液反应都在15天时受到影响，在30天时略有恢复的迹象。此外，免疫相关基因的表达受到极大影响，提示炎症过程的发展以及免疫参数的降低。总体，化合物的混合物分别影响鲷鱼的免疫系统，表明恢复程度较低。长时间接触这些化合物的混合物可能会导致种群免疫力发生重大变化，并最终促进海洋生物群的变化。