Anopheles tessellatus is a potentially important vector found across South, East and Southeast Asia. While it was formerly considered a formidable vector of human Plasmodium and filarial parasites in the Maldives, and of lesser importance as a vector of human Plasmodium in Sri Lanka and parts of Indonesia, it is currently of little or unknown health importance in many other parts of its range. This study describes the genetic diversity and evolutionary relationships among An. tessellatus populations in nine Asian countries at the COI gene using maximum-likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic inference tree and cluster-based species delimitation approaches. These analyses reveal exceptional levels of genetic diversity in An. tessellatus populations across its known range, and identify up to six putative species in the newly determined Tessellatus Complex. The existence of such cryptic diversity has potentially important consequences for vector management and disease control. Differences in the ecologies and life histories among these species may have considerable impact on vectorial capacity and may go some way towards explaining why An. tessellatus s.l. has such varying degrees of public health importance across its range.

特氏按蚊是在南亚，东亚和东南亚发现的潜在重要媒介。虽然它以前被认为是马尔代夫人类疟原虫和丝虫寄生虫的强大媒介，在斯里兰卡和印度尼西亚部分地区作为人类疟原虫媒介的重要性较小，但在其他许多地方，目前对健康的重要性很小或未知它的范围。这项研究描述了An之间的遗传多样性和进化关系。tessellatus人群使用最大似然和贝叶斯推理系统发育树和基于集群的种类划分方法在COI基因九个亚洲国家。这些分析揭示了An的遗传多样性异常高。特斯拉图斯分布在已知范围内，并在新确定的Tessellatus复合体中鉴定出多达六个推定物种。这种隐性多样性的存在对媒介管理和疾病控制具有潜在的重要影响。这些物种在生态和生活史上的差异可能对矢量能力产生相当大的影响，并且可能在某种程度上解释了为什么An。tessellatus sl在其整个范围内具有如此不同程度的公共卫生重要性。