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Profiles and Source Apportionment of Nonmethane Volatile Organic Compounds in Winter and Summer in Xi’an, China, based on the Hybrid Environmental Receptor Model
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s00376-020-0153-0 Jian Sun , Zhenxing Shen , Yue Zhang , Wenting Dai , Kun He , Hongmei Xu , Zhou Zhang , Long Cui , Xuxiang Li , Yu Huang , Junji Cao
Advances in Atmospheric Sciences ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-12-23 , DOI: 10.1007/s00376-020-0153-0 Jian Sun , Zhenxing Shen , Yue Zhang , Wenting Dai , Kun He , Hongmei Xu , Zhou Zhang , Long Cui , Xuxiang Li , Yu Huang , Junji Cao
Summer and winter campaigns for the chemical compositions and sources of nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) and oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs) were conducted in Xi’an. Data from 57 photochemical assessment monitoring stations for NMHCs and 20 OVOC species were analyzed. Significant seasonal differences were noted for total VOC (TVOC, NMHCs and OVOCs) concentrations and compositions. The campaign-average TVOC concentrations in winter (85.3 ± 60.6 ppbv) were almost twice those in summer (47.2 ± 31.6 ppbv). Alkanes and OVOCs were the most abundant category in winter and summer, respectively. NMHCs, but not OVOCs, had significantly higher levels on weekends than on weekdays. Total ozone formation potential was higher in summer than in winter (by 50%) because of the high concentrations of alkenes (particularly isoprene), high temperature, and high solar radiation levels in summer. The Hybrid Environmental Receptor Model (HERM) was used to conduct source apportionment for atmospheric TVOCs in winter and summer, with excellent accuracy. HERM demonstrated its suitability in a situation where only partial source profile data were available. The HERM results indicated significantly different seasonal source contributions to TVOCs in Xi’an. In particular, coal and biomass burning had contributions greater than half in winter (53.4%), whereas traffic sources were prevalent in summer (53.1%). This study’s results highlight the need for targeted and adjustable VOC control measures that account for seasonal differences in Xi’an; such measures should target not only the severe problem with VOC pollution but also the problem of consequent secondary pollution (e.g., from ozone and secondary organic aerosols). 本研究针对西安市大气非甲烷总烃(NMHC)和氧化性挥发性有机化合物(OVOC),于2018年夏季和2019年冬季分别开展了加强观测,主要分析了来自光化学评估监测站(PAMS)的57种NMHC和20种典型OVOC物种。结果显示,西安市TVOC(NMHC与OVOC之和)的浓度和组成特征存在明显的季节性差异,冬季的采样期间平均TVOC浓度(85.3±60.6 ppbv)几乎是夏季(47.2±31.6 ppbv)的两倍,其中烷烃和OVOC分别是冬季和夏季TVOC中含量最高的组分。周末的NMHC水平明显高于工作日,但OVOC的周末效应不显著。由于夏季大气中较高浓度的烯烃(特别是异戊二烯)以及高温和强太阳辐射水平,西安市夏季总臭氧生成潜势(OFP)比冬天的高50%。本研究利用混合环境受体模型(HERM)开展冬季和夏季大气TVOC来源解析,该模型具有较高源解析精度且适用于部分本地化源谱数据可用的情况。基于HERM的源解析结果表明,西安市TVOC的来源贡献具有明显的季节性差异,燃煤和生物质燃烧贡献了冬季TVOC的一半以上(53.4%),而夏季TVOC则主要来自于交通源(53.1%)。本研究的结果表明,解决西安市大气VOCs问题,需要根据其组分和来源的季节性差异制定具有针对性的VOC控制措施,且控制措施不仅应针对挥发性有机化合物污染严重的问题,同时也应重点考虑解决其带来的二次污染(例如臭氧和二次有机气溶胶的二次污染)问题。
更新日期：2020-12-23
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