ABSTRACT

The aim of the study was to identify trajectories of effort-reward imbalance (ERI), to examine these with respect to demographic (age, gender, socio-economic position) and work-related (employment contract, work hours, shift work, sector) factors, and to investigate associations with different health indicators (self-rated health, depressive symptoms, migraine, sickness absence). The study used four waves of data (N = 6702), collected biennially within the Swedish Longitudinal Occupational Survey of Health (SLOSH). Using latent class growth modelling, we identified four trajectories: a stable low imbalance trajectory, which comprised 90% of all participants, and three change trajectories including a decreasing trajectory (4% of the participants), an inverted U-shaped trajectory and an increasing imbalance trajectory, both in 3% of the participants. Results indicate that a sizeable proportion of Swedish employees’ experience imbalance between efforts and rewards at work. The most favourable trajectory comprised relatively more men and was characterised by better work-related characteristics than the less favourable ERI trajectories. All change trajectories were dominated by women and employees in the public sector. Health developments followed ERI trajectories, such that less favourable trajectories associated with impaired health and more favourable trajectories associated with better health. Sickness absence increased among all ERI trajectories, most so for the decreasing and increasing ERI trajectory.

摘要

这项研究的目的是确定努力回报不平衡的轨迹，从人口统计（年龄，性别，社会经济地位）和与工作有关的方面（就业合同，工作时间，轮班工作，部门）研究这些轨迹。 ）因素，并调查与不同健康指标（自我评估的健康，抑郁症状，偏头痛，疾病缺席）的关联。这项研究使用了两波数据（N  = 6702），这些数据每两年在瑞典卫生职业纵向调查中（SLOSH）收集一次。使用潜在类增长模型，我们确定了四个轨迹：稳定的低失衡轨迹（占所有参与者的90％）和三个变化轨迹（包括下降的轨迹（占参与者的4％）），倒置的U形轨迹和不平衡轨迹的增加，均为3％的参与者。结果表明，很大一部分瑞典雇员的经验在工作努力和报酬之间是不平衡的。最有利的轨迹包括相对较多的人，并且与较差的ERI轨迹相比，具有更好的与工作相关的特征。所有变化轨迹均由公共部门中的妇女和雇员主导。健康发展遵循ERI的轨迹，因此与健康受损相关的不利轨迹会变差，而与健康状况更好的相关的轨迹则更为有利。在所有ERI轨迹中，病情缺失都增加了，对于ERI轨迹的减少和增加而言，病情缺失最多。