Abstract According to National Gang Center, 2012 statistics, 30,700 gangs existed in the United States with an approximate membership of 850,000 people. Although female gang members account for less than 10% of total membership, their numbers and violence among them are increasing as of 2002. Due to their intersectional invisibility, research and interventions for gang members have been based primarily on the experiences of boys and men. Therefore, we examined the narratives of six female former gang members, including two Latinas, three African American women, and one Arab/Muslim woman. Structural intersectionality guided our analysis of social institutions navigated by participants, including family, gangs, and the legal system. We identified various forms of trauma experienced by all participants, as well as how they exercised perceived power gained by joining a gang. Recommendations to mental health practitioners include careful attention to context and culture, and the embracing of intersectional cultural humility in practice.

中文翻译：

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女性帮派成员在家庭和帮派生活中谈判特权、权力和压迫

摘要 根据国家帮派中心2012年的统计，美国有30,700个帮派，成员约85万人。尽管女性帮派成员不到总成员的 10%，但她们的人数和暴力行为在 2002 年有所增加。由于她们的交叉隐形，对帮派成员的研究和干预主要基于男孩和男人的经历。因此，我们研究了六名前帮派女性成员的叙述，包括两名拉丁裔、三名非洲裔美国妇女和一名阿拉伯/穆斯林妇女。结构交叉性指导了我们对参与者所驾驭的社会制度的分析，包括家庭、帮派和法律制度。我们确定了所有参与者经历的各种形式的创伤，以及他们如何行使通过加入帮派而获得的权力。对心理健康从业者的建议包括仔细关注背景和文化，以及在实践中拥抱交叉文化的谦逊。