Abstract

There exists a large body of work examining individual differences in the propensity to engage in reflective thinking processes. However, there is a distinct lack of empirical research examining the role of dispositional factors in these differences and understanding these associations could provide valuable insight into decision-making. Here, we examine whether individual differences in cognitive reflection are related to narcissism (excessive self-focused attention) and impulsiveness (trait-based lack of inhibitory control). Participants across three studies completed measures of narcissism, impulsiveness and cognitive reflection. Results indicate that grandiose and vulnerable narcissists differ in their performance on problem-solving tasks (i.e., Cognitive Reflection Test [CRT]) and preferences for intuitive thinking, as well as the degree to which they reflect on and understand their own thoughts and enjoy cognitively effortful activities. Additionally, though impulsiveness was significantly related to self-report measures of cognitive reflection (i.e., metacognitive reflection, metacognitive insight, and need for cognition), it showed no association with a behavioural measure of cognitive reflection (i.e., CRT scores). Our results suggest that certain individual differences in dispositional and personality characteristics may play important roles in the extent to which individuals engage in certain forms of reflective thinking.

摘要

存在大量工作，研究个体在进行反思性思维过程中倾向方面的差异。但是，显然缺乏实证研究来研究性倾向因素在这些差异中的作用，并且了解这些关联可能会为决策提供有价值的见解。在这里，我们检查认知反射中的个体差异是否与自恋（过度的自我关注）和冲动（基于特质的抑制性控制）有关。三项研究的参与者完成了自恋，冲动和认知反射的测量。结果表明，自大自大的自恋者在解决问题的任务（即认知反射测试[CRT]）和对直觉性思维的偏好方面表现各异，以及他们反思和理解自己的思想并享受认知上努力的活动的程度。此外，尽管冲动与认知反映的自我报告测度（即元认知反射，元认知洞察力和对认知的需求）显着相关，但它与认知反射的行为测度（即CRT得分）无关。我们的结果表明，某些人在性格和人格特征上的差异可能在个人参与某些形式的反思性思维的程度上起重要作用。元认知反射，元认知洞察力和对认知的需求），它与认知反射的行为度量（即CRT得分）无关。我们的结果表明，某些人在性格和人格特征上的差异可能在个人参与某些形式的反思性思维的程度上起重要作用。元认知反射，元认知洞察力和对认知的需求），它与认知反射的行为度量（即CRT得分）无关。我们的结果表明，某些人在性格和人格特征上的差异可能在个人参与某些形式的反思性思维的程度上起重要作用。