Abstract

The concept of contaminated mindware provides one conceptualization for measuring beliefs and attitudes about three domains that have evaluation-disabling properties in the context of reasoning: paranormal beliefs, conspiracy beliefs, and anti-science attitudes. We tested the underlying structure of individual differences in these three domains of contaminated mindware and their predictors in a sample of 321 Canadian undergraduate students. The predictors included cognitive ability, cognitive reflection, the dispositional tendency of actively open-minded thinking, and ontological confusions. A hierarchical model with three correlated general factors of paranormal, conspiracy, and anti-science beliefs and attitudes and four specific paranormal factors (i.e., psi, superstition, spiritualism, and precognition) was optimal. While all predictors were significantly correlated with the contaminated mindware domains, structural equation modeling results supported the unique effects of ontological confusions and actively open-minded thinking. The current results support the multidimensional nature of contaminated mindware domains and highlight some of its correlates and unique predictors. Providing a structure and theoretical framework for unwarranted beliefs and attitudes will be useful for measuring their potential impact on the processes of human reasoning.

摘要

受污染的思维软件的概念提供了一种概念化的概念，用于衡量对在推理环境中具有评估禁用特性的三个领域的信念和态度：超自然信念，阴谋信念和反科学态度。我们在321名加拿大大学生样本中测试了这三个领域中受污染的思维软件及其预测因子的个体差异的潜在结构。预测因素包括认知能力，认知反射，积极开放思维的性格倾向和本体论混乱。最理想的层次模型是具有三个相关的超自然现象，阴谋和反科学信念和态度的一般因素以及四个特定的超自然现象因素（即psi，迷信，唯心主义和预先认识）。尽管所有预测变量都与受污染的Mindware领域显着相关，但结构方程建模结果支持本体论混乱和积极开放思维的独特作用。目前的结果支持了受污染的思维软件领域的多维性质，并突出了其相关性和独特的预测因素。为不必要的信念和态度提供结构和理论框架，将有助于衡量它们对人类推理过程的潜在影响。当前结果支持受污染的思维软件领域的多维性质，并突出显示了其某些相关性和独特的预测因素。为不必要的信念和态度提供结构和理论框架，将有助于衡量它们对人类推理过程的潜在影响。目前的结果支持了受污染的思维软件领域的多维性质，并突出了其相关性和独特的预测因素。为不必要的信念和态度提供结构和理论框架，将有助于衡量它们对人类推理过程的潜在影响。