This study examined the measurement invariance and latent mean difference of an English version (J. H. Lee et al., 2017) of the Planned Happenstance Career Inventory (PHCI; B. Kim, Jung, et al., 2014) across cultures. Participants were 262 American and 291 South Korean undergraduates. Measurement invariance results indicated that the 5‐factor structure was adequate for both groups and that conditions for configural, metric, and partial intercept invariance were met. Latent mean analysis was used to compare the mean scores of the PHCI skills (curiosity, flexibility, persistence, optimism, and risk taking). The latent means of curiosity, flexibility, persistence, and optimism were higher among South Korean undergraduates, but no significant difference was found regarding risk taking. Career counselors should consider differences in planned happenstance perceptions across cultures to provide better career guidance. Future studies are needed to verify the distinctive nature of flexibility by replicating the factor structure of the PHCI with other samples.

中文翻译：

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计划的职业生涯清单：跨文化比较

这项研究调查了跨文化的计划幸福职业清单（PHCI; B.Kim，Jung等，2014）的英文版（JH Lee等，2017）的测量不变性和潜在均值差异。参加者为262名美国大学生和291名韩国大学生。测量不变性结果表明，两组的5因子结构都足够，并且满足了配置，度量和部分截距不变的条件。潜在均值分析用于比较PHCI技能的平均得分（好奇心，灵活性，毅力，乐观度和冒险精神）。在韩国大学生中，好奇心，灵活性，毅力和乐观的潜在手段较高，但冒险行为没有显着差异。职业咨询师应考虑跨文化对计划中偶然事件观念的差异，以提供更好的职业指导。通过与其他样品复制PHCI的因子结构，需要进一步的研究来验证灵活性的独特性。