It is now widely accepted that the Agent argument is introduced by a head F (e.g., v or Voice) separate from V/VP. What is not yet explicitly established is whether or not F alone constitutes the source for agentivity. Merging two facts in Chinese—(i) the unique three‐way division between the long passive, the short passive, and the unaccusative and (ii) the two kinds of subject‐related adjuncts that can occur in a clause—this article demonstrates that there exists a syntactic projection, which we take to be VP, that supports subject‐oriented adverbs but not subject depictives. This suggests clearly that agentivity is in the semantics of V, while the instantiation of the Agent argument depends on F. A structural and semantic analysis based on the bipartite expression of agentivity is given to passives, unaccusatives, and middles.

中文翻译：

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汉语被动语态中的双向代理表达

现在已经广泛接受的是，Agent参数是由与V / VP分开的头F（例如v或Voice）引入的。尚未明确确定的是F是否单独构成了代理能力的来源。融合两个事实，即（i）长被动语，短被动语和无宾格之间的独特三分法，以及（ii）子句中可能出现的两种与主语相关的附加语-本文证明了存在一个句法投影，我们将其称为副总裁，它支持面向主题的副词，但不支持主题描述。这清楚地表明代理性是V的语义，而Agent参数的实例化取决于F。基于被动性的二分表达的结构和语义分析被给予被动，非宾格和中间语。