Children's concern for others is shaped through socialization, but current theories make different predictions as to how and when in development this socializing occurs. Here we found that mothers' prosocial socialization goals (SGs) predicted concern for others in 2‐year‐old (n = 804) and 4‐year‐old (n = 714) children. In contrast, preschool teachers' SGs predicted concern for others only for 4‐year‐old children. In addition, a positive social climate among classroom peers predicted 4‐year‐olds' prosociality. These results suggest that the nuclear family environment impacts toddlers' concern for others before the broader social environment shapes their prosociality at preschool age.

中文翻译：

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社会化目标和同龄人的社会气候如何预测幼儿对他人的关注：发展在2至4岁之间转变的证据

儿童对他人的关注是通过社会化来形成的，但是当前的理论对这种社会化如何以及何时发生的发展做出了不同的预测。在这里，我们发现母亲的亲社会化目标（SGs）预测了2岁（n  = 804）和4岁（n  = 714）儿童对他人的关注。相比之下，学龄前教师的SG预测只有4岁的孩子会关心他人。此外，教室同龄人中积极的社会氛围预示着4岁儿童的社会亲和力。这些结果表明，在更广泛的社会环境影响学龄前儿童的亲密关系之前，核心家庭环境会影响幼儿对他人的关注。