Sulphur pollution emanating from the exhaust gases of ships has a negative impact on the environment and on human health, in particular resulting in early deaths and child asthma. On 1 January 2020, international regulation lowering the allowed amount of sulphur in marine fuels will come into force. However, compliance with, and effective enforcement of, this regulation is very uncertain due to the vast savings that shipowners can achieve by not complying. The lack of effective and deterring fines is often attributed to the lack of jurisdiction when a violation takes place on the high seas. This article aims to provide an analysis of the special jurisdictional basis codified in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea for port States to assert jurisdiction over violations of the strengthened 2020 sulphur limit on the high seas, encompassing the right to impose dissuasive fines.

中文翻译：

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强制执行2020年船用燃料硫限制：港口国根据《海洋法公约》施加罚款的限制和可能性

船舶废气中产生的硫污染对环境和人类健康产生负面影响，特别是导致早期死亡和儿童哮喘。2020年1月1日，降低船用燃料中允许的硫含量的国际法规将生效。但是，由于船东通过不遵守可以节省大量资金，因此是否遵守和有效执行该法规尚不确定。缺乏有效和具有威慑力的罚款通常是由于公海发生侵权行为时缺乏管辖权。本文旨在对《联合国海洋法公约》中编纂的特殊管辖权基础进行分析，以使港口国对违反公海中2020年加强的硫磺限制的行为主张管辖权，