The U.S. Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs (OIRA) is responsible for reviewing executive branch agencies' draft proposed and final regulations, coordinating the federal government's regulatory agenda, approving government collections of information from the public, and developing and overseeing the implementation of government-wide policies related to information policy, information quality, peer review, privacy, statistical policy, and international regulatory cooperation. While some of those functions are statutorily granted, others—notably those related to regulatory policy—derive from presidential executive orders. Since U.S. presidents can, and do, rescind their predecessors' executive orders with ease, it is striking that these regulatory oversight functions, and the economics-based framework underlying them, have not changed significantly through six very different presidential transitions. This article reflects on OIRA's evolution over the almost 40 years since the Paperwork Reduction Act created it in 1980 to understand what has made it so durable. It finds that regardless of their philosophy, presidents need an entity like OIRA to address the principal-agent problem they face in managing the disparate agencies within the executive branch. The OIRA career staff responsible for bringing coherence to regulatory policies across the government provide analytical expertise and institutional knowledge that complement the actions of political actors in the White House. The article concludes with recommendations for allowing OIRA's roles and practices to evolve while retaining the core functions that have received bipartisan support.

中文翻译：

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信息和监管事务办公室与美国监管的持久性

美国信息和监管事务办公室 (OIRA) 负责审查行政部门机构的拟议和最终法规草案，协调联邦政府的监管议程，批准政府收集公众的信息，并制定和监督政府-与信息政策、信息质量、同行评审、隐私、统计政策和国际监管合作有关的广泛政策。虽然其中一些职能是依法授予的，但其他职能——尤其是与监管政策相关的职能——来自总统行政命令。由于美国总统可以并且确实可以轻松地撤销其前任的行政命令，因此这些监管监督职能以及它们所依据的基于经济的框架令人震惊，在六次截然不同的总统换届中没有发生显着变化。本文反映了 OIRA 自 1980 年《减少文书工作法》创建以来近 40 年来的演变，以了解是什么使它如此耐用。它发现，不管他们的理念如何，总统都需要像 OIRA 这样的实体来解决他们在管理行政部门内不同机构时面临的委托代理问题。负责使整个政府的监管政策保持一致的 OIRA 职业工作人员提供分析专业知识和制度知识，以补充白宫政治行为者的行动。文章最后提出了一些建议，即允许 OIRA 的角色和实践发展，同时保留已获得两党支持的核心职能。