We investigate the relationship between housing conditions and health outcomes using a data set that tracks 25,000 German households over 25 years. We document that individuals exposed to poor housing conditions report worse mental and physical health, and experience an 11% increase in doctor visits, increasing to 20% for age groups over 64. The analysis controls for individual, dwelling, and temporal fixed effects, and is robust to changes in socioeconomic status, lifestyle choices, and neighborhood conditions. As a robustness check, we use home renovations as major a trigger of changes in housing conditions. Restricting the analysis to tenants, whose renovations are paid by landlords, we document that home renovations significantly reduce doctor visits, corroborating the findings on home conditions and health outcomes.

中文翻译：

---

住房条件对健康结果的影响

我们使用跟踪 25,000 个德国家庭 25 年的数据集来调查住房条件与健康结果之间的关系。我们记录了暴露于恶劣住房条件的个人报告的精神和身体健康状况更差，并且就诊次数增加了 11%，在 64 岁以上的年龄组中增加到 20%。分析控制了个人、居住和时间固定效应，以及对社会经济地位、生活方式选择和邻里条件的变化有很强的抵抗力。作为稳健性检查，我们将房屋装修作为住房条件变化的主要触发因素。将分析仅限于由房东支付装修费用的租户，我们记录了家庭装修显着减少了就医次数，证实了有关家庭条件和健康结果的调查结果。