We integrate the theory of gender role congruity with extant research on servant leadership to propose and test a moderated process model in which we hypothesize that servant leadership's effects on outcomes are stronger when implemented by women, and when it takes place within teams high in feminine gender role composition. Specifically, we theorize that servant leadership's communal emphases on stakeholders and relationships align with female role prototypes, which should lead to female advantages for job performance through the proposed serial mediators of prosocial motivation and follower servant leadership behaviors. We test this moderated, serial‐mediation model in a temporally lagged field study with a multi‐organizational sample including 109 teams. We find evidence that the mediated process model is moderated at the first stage such that in teams higher in feminine gender role composition, servant leadership has greater direct effects on prosocial motivation, as well as indirect effects on follower servant leadership and performance. We do not find support for our hypothesis that a similar moderated effect would emerge for leader sex; instead, we find that the effect of servant leadership on follower servant leadership, and subsequently to performance, is stronger for women leaders than it is for men. The implications of these findings for the servant leadership and role congruity literatures are discussed.

中文翻译：

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仆人式领导，领导者性别和团队性别角色：在级联绩效模型中测试女性优势

我们将性别角色一致性理论与对仆人领导力的现有研究进行了整合，以提出并测试一个适度的过程模型，在该模型中，我们假设，当女性实施女性尊严的团队时，仆人领导力对结果的影响更强。角色组成。具体而言，我们认为仆人领导层在利益相关者和关系上的共同重点与女性角色原型相吻合，这应通过提议的亲社会动机和追随者仆人领导行为的调解者为女性带来工作绩效方面的优势。我们在一个时间滞后的田间研究中，使用包括109个团队的多组织样本，测试了这种适度的串行中介模型。我们发现有证据表明，在第一阶段调节了中介过程模型，以便在女性性别角色组成较高的团队中，仆人领导对亲社会动机具有更大的直接影响，而对跟随者仆人领导和绩效的间接影响则更大。我们没有支持我们的假设，即领导者性爱会出现类似的适度影响的假设。取而代之的是，我们发现仆人领导对跟随者仆人领导的影响，以及随后对绩效的影响，女性领导者比男性更强。讨论了这些发现对仆人领导和角色一致性文献的影响。以及对跟随者仆人领导和绩效的间接影响。我们不支持我们的假设，即领导者性爱会出现类似的适度影响的假设。取而代之的是，我们发现仆人领导对跟随者仆人领导的影响，以及随后对绩效的影响，女性领导者比男性更强。讨论了这些发现对仆人领导和角色一致性文献的影响。以及对跟随者仆人领导和绩效的间接影响。我们不支持我们的假设，即领导者性爱会出现类似的适度影响的假设。取而代之的是，我们发现仆人领导对跟随者仆人领导的影响，以及随后对绩效的影响，女性领导者比男性更强。讨论了这些发现对仆人领导和角色一致性文献的影响。