Recent research challenges the importance of situation descriptions for situational judgment test (SJT) performance. This study contributes to resolving the ongoing debate on whether SJTs are situational measures, by incorporating findings on person × situation interactions into SJT research. Specifically, across three studies (N_Total = 1,239), we first tested whether situation construal (i.e., the individual perception of situations in SJTs) predicts responses to SJT items. Second, we assessed whether the relevance of situation construal for SJT performance depends on test elements (i.e., situation descriptions and response options) and item features (i.e., description‐dependent vs. description‐independent SJT items). Lastly, we determined whether situation construal has incremental validity for job‐related criteria over and above SJT performance. The results showed that, for most SJT items, situation construal significantly contributed to SJT performance, even if only response options were available. This was also true for SJT items that are significantly more difficult to solve when situation descriptions are omitted (i.e., description‐dependent SJT items). Finally, situation construal explained variance in relevant criteria over and above SJT performance. Despite recent efforts to reconceptualize SJTs, our results suggest that they can still be viewed as situational measures. However, situation descriptions may be less crucial for these underlying situational processes. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

中文翻译：

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这是情人眼中的一切吗？情境建构对情境判断测试绩效的重要性

最近的研究挑战了情境描述对于情境判断测试（SJT）性能的重要性。通过将关于人与情境互动的发现纳入SJT研究中，本研究有助于解决有关SJT是否为情境测量的持续争论。具体而言，在三项研究中（_共N = 1,239），我们首先测试了情境解释（即，对SJT中情境的个人感知）是否预测了对SJT项目的反应。其次，我们评估了情境建构与SJT绩效的相关性是否取决于测试要素（即，情境描述和响应选项）和项目特征（即，描述依赖与描述独立的SJT项目）。最后，我们确定情境解释对于超越SJT绩效的工作相关标准是否具有递增效度。结果表明，对于大多数SJT项目，即使只有响应选项可用，情境建构也会显着影响SJT性能。对于省略情境描述时很难解决的SJT项目（即依赖于描述的SJT项目），也是如此。最后，情境解释了相关标准中超出SJT表现的差异。尽管最近为重新构想SJT做出了努力，但我们的结果表明，仍然可以将它们视为情境措施。但是，对于这些潜在的情境过程，情境描述可能不太重要。讨论了理论和实践意义。