Abstract

Lafkenche and Williche, the Mapuche coastal population in Chile, used coastal marine areas and resources for centuries. The Spanish colonization and the subsequent establishment of the Republic of Chile curtailed these access rights and traditional uses. In 2008, the government of Chile introduced the “Lafkenche Law” establishing exclusive access rights for traditional indigenous use of coastal marine areas and resources, but the law has not led to effective self-determination or the development of the ethnic Mapuche populations. Interviews with indigenous community leaders in October 2014 confirmed their dissatisfaction with this law. This article discusses whether the experience of other nations, such as the innovative Community Development Quota Program in Alaska in the United States, which allocates a portion of certain species in the Bering Sea to coastal communities, can help overcome marine resources access barriers affecting the Mapuche people.

摘要

智利马普切沿海人口Lafkenche和Williche使用沿海海域和资源已有数百年历史。西班牙的殖民化以及随后的智利共和国的建立限制了这些获取权和传统用途。智利政府于2008年制定了《拉夫肯奇法》，确立了沿海沿岸地区和资源的传统土著使用的专有使用权，但该法律并未导致有效的自决或马普切族人口的发展。2014年10月对土著社区领导人的采访证实了他们对这项法律的不满。本文讨论了其他国家的经验，例如美国阿拉斯加的创新社区发展配额计划，