Projective content is heterogeneous, with classes of projective content differing in several properties (e.g., Potts 2005; Tonhauser et al. 2013). Recently, Tonhauser et al. (2018) found that projective content in English varies in its projectivity both between and within classes, and also that there is by-participant and by-lexical content projection variability. This paper shows that projection variability is not unique to English but also attested in Paraguayan Guarani, a Tupi-Guarani language that is genetically unrelated to and typologically different from English. This finding suggests that projection variability may be a cross-linguistically universal property of projective content. The comparison of English and Paraguayan Guarani also reveals parallels in how projective the content associated with a translation pair is. This finding strengthens the empirical support for the position that some projective content is nondetachable (e.g., Levinson and Annamalai 1992; Simons 2001; Abrusan 2011, 2016; Tonhauser et al. 2013). The paper discusses implications for analyses of projective content, which differ in whether they lead us to expect projection variability and cross-linguistic similarities in projection variability. The paper also addresses methodological considerations in exploring projection variability in fieldwork-based research.

中文翻译：

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巴拉圭瓜拉尼语的投影变异性

投影内容是异质的，投影内容的类别在几个属性上有所不同（例如，Potts 2005；Tonhauser 等人，2013）。最近，Tonhauser 等人。(2018) 发现英语中的投射内容在班级之间和班内的投射性上有所不同，并且存在按参与者和按词汇的内容投射可变性。本文表明，投影变异性并非英语独有，而且在巴拉圭瓜拉尼语中也得到证实，这是一种与英语在基因上无关且在类型上与英语不同的图皮瓜拉尼语。这一发现表明投影可变性可能是投影内容的跨语言通用属性。英语和巴拉圭瓜拉尼语的比较也揭示了与翻译对相关的内容的投影程度的相似之处。这一发现加强了对某些投影内容不可分离的立场的实证支持（例如，Levinson 和 Annamalai 1992；Simons 2001；Abrusan 2011, 2016；Tonhauser 等人，2013）。本文讨论了对投影内容分析的影响，不同之处在于它们是否使我们预期投影可变性和跨语言相似性在投影可变性中。该论文还讨论了在基于实地工作的研究中探索预测可变性时的方法论考虑。它们的不同之处在于它们是否使我们预期投影变异性和跨语言相似性的投影变异性。该论文还讨论了在基于实地工作的研究中探索预测可变性时的方法论考虑。它们的不同在于它们是否使我们预期投影可变性和跨语言相似性的投影可变性。该论文还讨论了在基于实地工作的研究中探索预测可变性时的方法论考虑。