There is compelling evidence that pain experience is influenced by cognitive states. We explore one specific form of such influence, namely placebo analgesia, and examine its relevance for the cognitive penetration debate in philosophy of mind. We single out as important a form of influence on experience that we term radical cognitive penetration, and argue that some cases of placebo analgesia constitute compelling instances of this phenomenon. Still, we urge caution in extrapolating from this to broader conclusions about cognitive penetration in perceptual experience. Instead, we suggest that the cognitive penetration of pain raises distinctive psychological, epistemological, and ethical issues.

中文翻译：

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疼痛、安慰剂和认知渗透

有令人信服的证据表明疼痛体验受认知状态的影响。我们探索了这种影响的一种特定形式，即安慰剂镇痛，并检查其与心灵哲学中认知渗透辩论的相关性。我们挑出一种重要的体验影响形式，我们称之为激进的认知渗透，并认为安慰剂镇痛的一些案例构成了这种现象的令人信服的例子。尽管如此，我们还是敦促谨慎地从这一点推断出关于感知体验中认知渗透的更广泛的结论。相反，我们认为疼痛的认知渗透引发了独特的心理、认识论和伦理问题。