This paper examines the puzzling phenomenon of self-directed implicit bias in the form of gender “stereotype threat” (ST). Bringing to light the empirical undecidability of which account of this phenomenon is best, whether a rational or an associationist explanation, the paper aims to strengthen the associationist approach by appeal to a new account of seeing-as experiences. I critically examine “alief” accounts of reason-recalcitrant ST by bringing to bear arguments from the philosophy of emotion. The new account builds on the insights and overcomes the weaknesses of “aliefs” by (a) employing associations that are imaginative and unreliable; and (b) proposing non-conceptual seeing-as experiences.

中文翻译：

---

隐性偏见、刻板印象威胁和视作：替代“离异”作为对理性顽固行为的解释

本文研究了以性别“刻板印象威胁”（ST）形式存在的自我导向内隐偏见的令人费解的现象。本文揭示了对这种现象的哪种解释最好的经验不确定性，无论是理性解释还是联想解释，本文旨在通过诉诸对视经验的新解释来加强联想方法。我通过运用情感哲学的论据来批判性地研究对理性顽固的 ST 的“外在”描述。新帐户建立在洞察力的基础上，并通过以下方式克服“异类”的弱点：(a) 采用富有想象力且不可靠的联想；(b) 提出非概念性的视作为体验。