ABSTRACT

This article discusses the dynamics of the sugar industry owned by an indigenous ruler of the Mangkunegaran principality of Surakarta from the mid-19^th to early 20^th century in Java, Indonesia. It draws mainly upon source materials from the Mangkunegara`s collection in Indonesia and colonial archives in the Hague, Netherlands. The purposes of the article are to elaborate the development of the Mangkunegaran sugar industry, to look at how the business operated, and the strategies to run the business profitably and to deal with market fluctuations. It is argued that starting as a Javanese royal family plantation venture, the top management was on the hand of royal family aided by European managers. After the death of Mangkunegara IV, the efforts to build the economic foundations of the Mangkunegaran principality experienced a great shock. To get out safely from the crisis, a reorganization of the management of Mangkunegaran sugar industry was underway. The management was entrusted to the European superintendent at the top-level and European managers at the factory level. There was also clear financial separation between the sugar industry and the Mangkunegaran government (Praja). Interestingly, the process also involved the resident of Surakarta as representative of the Dutch colonial government.

摘要

本文讨论了制糖业的梭罗从中期的19 Mangkunegaran公国的土著统治者所拥有的动态^日早20^日印度尼西亚爪哇的世纪。它主要借鉴了印度尼西亚Mangkunegara的藏品以及荷兰海牙的殖民档案中的原始资料。这篇文章的目的是详细阐述Mangkunegaran制糖业的发展，研究企业的运作方式，以及使企业盈利并应对市场波动的策略。有人说，作为爪哇王室种植园的开办企业，最高管理者是在欧洲经理的协助下由王室管理的。芒昆加拉四世去世后，为芒昆加兰公国建立经济基础的努力受到了极大的冲击。为了安全地摆脱危机，正在对Mangkunegaran制糖业的管理进行重组。管理层被委托给了高层的欧洲主管和工厂的欧洲经理。制糖业与Mangkunegaran政府之间也存在明显的财政分离（Praja）。有趣的是，该过程还涉及Surakarta居民作为荷兰殖民政府的代表。