International relations scholars have traditionally focused on state‐centered accounts of international legal norm development between nations while sociolegal scholars have focused on Weberian notions of occupational authority. This study advances a constructivist sociolegal approach emphasizing activist action as playing a unique role in shaping international norms. Specifically, this study investigates labor activists' intervention in U.S. bilateral and multilateral free trade agreements (FTAs) to examine why labor activists chose to initiate FTA disputes as a social movement tactic and how strategic interaction with international legal systems has helped them institutionalize and proliferate the International Labor Organizations' core labor standards. Through semi‐structured interviews with legal, union, and government officials, alongside a content analysis of cases filed under the U.S. FTA system, this study shows the role activists played in advancing “globalized” standards in international law. This study finds that activists spread norms through a gradual mechanism of accretion, which focuses on the creation of standards and international legal standing over the individual outcomes of any given case.

中文翻译：

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争取劳工全球化的斗争：了解激进主义者在国际规范传播中的作用

传统上，国际关系学者关注国家间国际法律规范发展的以国家为中心的论述，而社会法学者则关注韦伯式的职业权威概念。这项研究提出了一种建构主义的社会法律方法，强调激进主义者的行为在塑造国际规范中起着独特的作用。具体而言，本研究调查了劳工激进主义者对美国双边和多边自由贸易协定（FTA）的干预，以调查为什么劳工激进主义者选择发起FTA争端作为一种社会运动策略，以及与国际法律体系的战略互动如何帮助他们制度化和扩散。国际劳工组织的核心劳工标准。通过对法律，工会和政府官员的半结构化访谈，除了对根据美国FTA制度提交的案件进行内容分析之外，本研究还显示了维权人士在推进国际法中“全球化”标准方面的作用。这项研究发现，活动家通过渐进式的增生机制传播规范，该机制注重针对任何给定案例的个别结果制定标准和国际法律地位。