This Article presents a new framework for analyzing the development and implementation of disability law: the prism of the fear of “the disability con” — popular perceptions of fraud and fakery. We all encounter disability rights and accommodations in everyday life. However, people with disabilities pay a price for the legal recognition of their rights. People who park in disabled parking spots, use service dogs, move to the front of lines, receive Social Security benefits, or request academic accommodations are often viewed as faking disabilities and abusing the law. This disability con stereotype thus serves as an important invisible barrier preventing Americans with disabilities from fully taking part in society, as it not only undermines the public legitimacy of rights but also restricts the design and implementation of the legal regime illustrating those. Nevertheless, this moral panic around disability con in American society and its manifestations has yet to be studied in a systematic-empirical way, nor has it been addressed in socio-legal scholarship. Using a mixed-methods approach composed of an original nationally representative survey along with in-depth interviews, this article fills this gap. The data suggest that the stereotype of disability con applies to multiple disability rights across venues and contexts; that nearly 60% of Americans with disabilities feel that others question their disability; that the stereotype of disability con extends to visible disabilities and to less apparent ones; and that, counterintuitively, the people most suspicious are nondisabled individuals with a personal connection to a disabled person and disabled people who experience suspicion themselves. Based on the richer understanding of the socio-legal phenomenon, this article suggests strategies to increase trust and reduce suspicion of the disability con.

中文翻译：

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对残疾骗局的恐惧：对欺诈和特殊权利话语的看法

本文提出了一个分析残疾法发展和实施的新框架：恐惧“残疾骗局”的棱镜——对欺诈和造假的普遍看法。我们在日常生活中都会遇到残疾人权利和便利。然而，残疾人为获得法律承认他们的权利付出了代价。将车停在残疾人停车位、使用服务犬、移动到前线、领取社会保障福利或要求提供学术住宿的人通常被视为假装残疾和滥用法律。因此，这种残疾观念是阻碍美国残疾人充分参与社会的重要无形障碍，因为它不仅破坏了权利的公共合法性，而且限制了阐明这些权利的法律制度的设计和实施。尽管如此，美国社会中围绕残疾骗局及其表现的这种道德恐慌尚未以系统经验的方式进行研究，也未在社会法学研究中得到解决。本文使用由具有全国代表性的原始调查和深入访谈组成的混合方法，填补了这一空白。数据表明，残疾问题的刻板印象适用于跨场所和背景的多种残疾权利；近 60% 的美国残疾人认为其他人质疑他们的残疾；残疾的刻板印象延伸到明显的残疾和不太明显的残疾；而且，与直觉相反，最可疑的人是与残疾人有私人联系的非残疾人和自己经历怀疑的残疾人。基于对社会法律现象的更丰富的理解，本文提出了增加信任和减少对残疾骗局的怀疑的策略。