Abstract Certain approaches to the meaning of utterances primarily characterize speakers' communicative intentions as the only source of meaning of a speaker's utterance. I show that a strict version of this position is difficult to maintain because the meaning of an utterance is partially due to the intentional attitudes of the audience to an utterance, including their reaction to the social identity of a speaker. This can result in a negotiation over meaning that can take place if the speaker and audience do not agree on the significance of the utterance. The view is motivated if one takes an ameliorative approach to meaning which acknowledges that theories of meaning are constrained by normative concerns related to meaning and communication.

中文翻译：

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社会认同、群体言论和协商意义

摘要 某些研究话语意义的方法主要将说话者的交际意图刻画为说话者话语意义的唯一来源。我表明这个立场的严格版本很难维持，因为话语的含义部分是由于听众对话语的有意态度，包括他们对说话者的社会身份的反应。如果说话者和听众不同意话语的重要性，这可能会导致对意义的协商。如果人们对意义采取一种改进的方法，即承认意义理论受到与意义和交流相关的规范问题的约束，那么这种观点就会被激发。