We examine judges’ role in civil litigation by studying empirically the relationship between judicial procedural involvement (JPI) and lawsuits’ mode of disposition (MoD). Furthermore, we propose JPI as a metric for the allocation of judicial attention to litigants. Applying the framework to Israeli trial court data, we find that 60 per cent of cases included JPI (through hearings and rulings on motions) whereas 40 per cent involved only the court's institutional function. By juxtaposing JPI and MoD data, we shed light on the scope of judicial involvement in settlements, the ratio between judges’ normative public‐life function and their problem‐solving function, and other pertinent questions. Since nowadays lawsuits are rarely adjudicated, trial rates are low, and litigants in person (pro se litigants) are common, we argue that access to justice should also be construed in terms of access to judicial attention throughout the proceeding, which is readily measurable through JPI.

中文翻译：

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司法程序介入（JPI）：衡量法官在民事诉讼，和解和诉诸司法中的作用的指标

我们通过实证研究司法程序介入（JPI）与诉讼处置方式（MoD）之间的关系来检验法官在民事诉讼中的作用。此外，我们建议将JPI作为衡量司法注意力分配给诉讼人的一种指标。将框架应用于以色列审判法院的数据，我们发现60％的案件包括JPI（通过听证会和动议裁决），而40％的案件仅涉及法院的机构职能。通过将JPI和MoD数据并置，我们可以了解司法介入和解的范围，法官的规范性公共生活功能与解决问题的功能之间的比例以及其他相关问题。由于当今很少对诉讼进行裁决，审判率很低，而且面对面的诉讼人（亲诉讼人）很常见，