In his groundbreaking work Sources of Innovation, Eric von Hippel discussed from where in (and out of) the value-chain innovations came in different industries: the customer, the manufacturer, the supplier, or third-party innovator (universities, research laboratories, etc.).

The world has changed, and new phenomena have become apparent. This article is a conceptual paper that discusses these new phenomena and presents a tentative updated pheno-typology of the sources of innovation, adding six to von Hippel's original four. To build these phenotypes it draws heavily on Kaulio (1998), Borrus and Zysman (1997) and Hart & Kim (2002).

As principal take-away, the consequences for knowledge production and transfer are discussed for each of the 10 phenotypes, in comparison to the in-house, non-open innovation, default phenotype.

埃里克·冯·希佩尔（Eric von Hippel）在开创性的工作《创新之源》中讨论了价值链创新来自何处（或何处）来自不同行业：客户，制造商，供应商或第三方创新者（大学，研究实验室，等等。）。

世界已经改变，新现象已经显现。本文是一篇概念文章，讨论了这些新现象，并提出了创新来源的初步表型，在冯·希佩尔最初的四个著作中增加了六个。为了建立这些表型，它在很大程度上借鉴了Kaulio（1998），Borrus和Zysman（1997）和Hart＆Kim（2002）。

作为主要内容，与内部非开放式创新默认表型相比，讨论了10种表型对知识生产和转移的影响。