Additive manufacturing (AM) appears to be a particularly attractive use case for blockchain. This research combines inductive in‐depth interviews with the Delphi method to explore what potentials blockchain technology in AM creates, which adoption barriers firms need to overcome, and how supply chains will be affected by the integration of these two potentially disruptive technologies. The results suggest opportunities that are related to intellectual property (IP) rights management, the monitoring of printed parts throughout their lifecycle, process improvements, and data security. The most important barriers for blockchain adoption in AM are an absence of blockchain‐skilled specialists on the labor market, missing governance mechanisms, and a lack of firm‐internal technical expertise. By addressing important limitations of AM, blockchain is expected to improve the competitiveness of AM in parts’ production, catalyzing the trend toward more decentralized manufacturing resulting in more agile, resilient, and flexible supply chains and reduced logistics costs. Beyond that, blockchain‐based AM platforms are expected to enhance supply chain visibility, drive supply chain digitalization, support supply chain finance, and contribute to the emergence of shared factory systems.

中文翻译：

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增材制造中的区块链及其对供应链的影响

增材制造（AM）似乎是区块链特别有吸引力的用例。这项研究将归纳式深度访谈与Delphi方法相结合，以探索增材制造技术中区块链技术的潜力，企业需要克服的采用障碍以及这两种潜在破坏性技术的整合将如何影响供应链。结果表明了与知识产权（IP）权利管理，在整个生命周期中监视印刷零件，过程改进以及数据安全性相关的机会。在AM中采用区块链的最重要障碍是劳动力市场上缺少区块链技术专家，缺少治理机制以及缺乏公司内部技术专长。通过解决AM的重要限制，预计区块链将提高AM在零件生产中的竞争力，从而促进向分散化制造的趋势，从而导致更敏捷，更具弹性和灵活性的供应链并降低物流成本。除此之外，基于区块链的增材制造平台有望增强供应链可见性，推动供应链数字化，支持供应链融资并为共享工厂系统的出现做出贡献。