ABSTRACT The present study examined the role of parents’ prejudices and their children’s own religious orientation in the formation of children’s prejudices against the opposite gender and sect. A total of 280 children including 104 (36%) girls were recruited from various schools. Children age range from 12 to 18 years with mean ± SD = 14.60 (1.42) years. Parents of the children (including 175 fathers and 113 mothers) were approached at their homes. Based on the conceptualisation of the study, parallel models addressing gender and sectarian ingroup-outgroup classification were developed and estimated. The study tested, confirmed, and validated the cognitive-developmental model addressing the underlying mechanism for shaping the religious orientation of children as a consequence of parents’ prejudices and its role in the mental health of children. The results supported the conceptual model of the study elaborating on the underlying mechanism of the relationship among parents’ and children’s prejudices, and children’s religious orientation in the development of depression and anxiety in children. Suggestions for further research are provided.

中文翻译：

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父母对巴基斯坦儿童的偏见或自己的宗教取向：异性和教派成就相关偏见的决定因素及其与心理健康的关系

摘要 本研究考察了父母的偏见和孩子自己的宗教取向在孩子对异性和教派的偏见形成中的作用。总共从不同学校招募了 280 名儿童，其中包括 104 名（36%）女孩。儿童年龄范围为 12 至 18 岁，平均值 ± SD = 14.60 (1.42) 岁。孩子们的父母（包括 175 位父亲和 113 位母亲）在他们家中得到了接洽。基于研究的概念化，开发和估计了处理性别和宗派内群体 - 外群体分类的平行模型。该研究测试、确认和验证了认知发展模型，该模型解决了由于父母的偏见而塑造儿童宗教取向的潜在机制及其在儿童心理健康中的作用。结果支持了研究的概念模型，该模型阐述了父母和孩子的偏见之间关系的潜在机制，以及儿童的宗教取向在儿童抑郁和焦虑的发展中。提供了进一步研究的建议。