The United States' bankruptcy system faces a major problem: many consumers are too poor to file for bankruptcy, usually because they cannot afford the necessary attorney fees. Some consumers appear to spend months trying to save the funds to pay their attorneys, thus either delaying their bankruptcies or foregoing bankruptcy altogether when they fail to save enough money. Others file for repayment bankruptcy in order to pay attorney fees during the case, when liquidation bankruptcy is usually a better fit for consumers with low incomes and low asset levels. The most recent comprehensive bankruptcy reform, the Bankruptcy Abuse Prevention and Consumer Protection Act (BAPCPA), exacerbated these problems by implementing additional procedural requirements that resulted in attorneys raising their fees. These problems have led to calls for administrative bankruptcy, especially for low‐income, low‐asset (LILA)/no‐income, no‐asset (NINA) debtors. Administrative bankruptcy would make bankruptcy more accessible by lowering access costs, for example, by eliminating the need for consumers to hire attorneys. Administrative programs in the United States, however, have a history of long‐term decline, especially when these programs serve low‐income people. It has become a cliché that poor people's programs become poor programs. A better solution would be to eliminate the procedural requirements imposed by BAPCPA and simplify the decision consumers must make about which type of bankruptcy to use.

中文翻译：

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美国破产系统中的低收入，低资产债务人

美国的破产制度面临一个主要问题：许多消费者太穷而无法申请破产，通常是因为他们负担不起必要的律师费。一些消费者似乎花了数月的时间试图节省资金来支付律师费用，从而延迟了破产的时间，或者在无法节省足够的钱时完全破产。其他人则申请偿还破产，以便在此案中支付律师费，而清算破产通常更适合低收入和低资产水平的消费者。最新的全面破产改革，即《防止破产滥用和消费者保护法》（BAPCPA），通过实施其他程序要求而加剧了这些问题，导致律师提高了收费。这些问题导致了行政破产的呼声，特别是对于低收入，低资产（LILA）/无收入，无资产（NINA）债务人。行政破产将通过降低获取成本（例如，消除消费者雇用律师的需求）来使破产更容易获得。但是，美国的行政计划具有长期下降的历史，尤其是当这些计划服务于低收入人群时。穷人的计划变成穷人的计划已成为陈词滥调。更好的解决方案是消除BAPCPA提出的程序要求，并简化消费者必须决定使用哪种类型的破产的决定。行政破产将通过降低获取成本，例如消除消费者雇用律师的需要，使破产更容易获得。但是，美国的行政计划有长期下降的历史，尤其是当这些计划服务于低收入人群时。穷人的计划变成穷人的计划已成为陈词滥调。更好的解决方案是消除BAPCPA提出的程序要求，并简化消费者必须决定使用哪种类型的破产的决定。行政破产将通过降低获取成本，例如消除消费者雇用律师的需要，使破产更容易获得。但是，美国的行政计划具有长期下降的历史，尤其是当这些计划服务于低收入人群时。穷人的计划变成穷人的计划已成为陈词滥调。更好的解决方案是消除BAPCPA提出的程序要求，并简化消费者必须决定使用哪种类型的破产的决定。的程序变成不良程序。更好的解决方案是消除BAPCPA提出的程序要求，并简化消费者必须决定使用哪种类型的破产的决定。的程序变成不良程序。更好的解决方案是消除BAPCPA提出的程序要求，并简化消费者必须决定使用哪种类型的破产的决定。