The role of judges in restructuring and insolvency proceedings has been of particular interest to the EU legislator in recent years. It is in matters of insolvency and restructuring that a court and its judges have to fulfil a set of five criteria: (a) a general understanding of business management (so as not to assume managerial tasks), (b) understanding what is needed to effectively enforce the rights of both secured and unsecured creditors outside of insolvency proceedings (as, for instance, a stay may influence pre‐insolvency enforcement rights), (c), preferably, be a specialist in commercial matters, (d) be impartial and independent, and (e) where practical, have specialised insolvency expertise. Where businesses are operating across borders, the latter criterion includes cross‐border knowhow.During the 20th century, several steps have been developed with the aim of improving the environment within which these criteria can be met. Courts themselves may wish to improve their level of quality and effectiveness. In this contribution, several examples are discussed that have been put in place or will emerge soon that can enhance the court's professional standing and its performance, in (international) insolvency and restructuring, as a “good” judge. These developments may assist Member States in improving their judicial frameworks, as well as (associations of) members of courts or judicial and administrative authorities dealing with procedures concerning insolvency and restructuring in developing the necessary expertise for their responsibilities as formulated in the EU Preventive Restructuring Directive. Moreover, the duty of cross‐border cooperation between courts in EU law underpins the discussion and the importance of cooperation as is underscored by the adoption of this Directive.

中文翻译：

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激励法院继续在破产和重组案件方面开辟新天地

近年来，法官在重组和破产程序中的作用引起了欧盟立法者的特别关注。在破产和重组方面，法院及其法官必须满足以下五个标准：（a）对业务管理的一般理解（以免承担管理任务），（b）理解需要采取什么措施在破产程序之外有效地执行有担保债权人和无担保债权人的权利（例如，中止可能影响破产前的执行权），（c），最好是商业事务专家，（d）公正并且独立的，并且（e）在可行的情况下，具有专门的破产专业知识。在跨境经营的企业中，后一个标准包括跨界知识。在20世纪，为了改善可以满足这些标准的环境，已经开发了几个步骤。法院本身不妨提高其质量和效力水平。在此文稿中，讨论了一些已经建立或即将出现的示例，这些示例可以提高法院在（国际）破产和重组中作为“好”法官的专业地位及其绩效。这些事态发展可以帮助成员国改善其司法框架，以及处理与破产和重组程序相关的法院或司法和行政机关的（协会）成员，以发展其根据欧盟《预防性重组指令》制定的职责所需的专门知识。 。此外，