This paper contributes theoretically, empirically and methodologically to the literature on transnational advocacy networks (TANs). This study is guided by two associated research questions: ‘How are TANs structured?’ and ‘What relation is established between the TANs’ structure and their efficiency?’ The paper shows that environmental transnational advocacy networks are not as horizontal as assumed in the TANs literature. Elements of hierarchy are present in networks through highly connected and/or strategically positioned nodes. This paper shows that elements of hierarchy are introduced in networks to facilitate information exchange and decision-making. The paper studies for the first time the TAN advocating the ban of cyanide-based mining in Europe in the late 2000s–early 2010s. The network aimed to impact the EU environmental legislative framework, as well as contribute to the implementation of international agreements on pollution prevention and biodiversity protection. This study draws on extensive fieldwork (including interviews with forty-five members of the network) conducted in several European countries in which the network developed and maintains branches. The study innovates methodologically by combining content analysis and social network analysis in the process of determining the more central actors of the network studied.

中文翻译：

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环境保护中的混合跨国倡导网络：禁止在欧洲金矿开采中使用氰化物

本文在理论、经验和方法上对跨国倡导网络 (TAN) 的文献做出了贡献。本研究以两个相关的研究问题为指导：“TAN 的结构如何？” 以及“TAN 的结构与其效率之间建立了什么关系？” 该论文表明，环境跨国倡导网络并不像 TAN 文献中假设的那样横向。层次结构的元素通过高度连接和/或战略定位的节点出现在网络中。本文表明，在网络中引入层次结构元素以促进信息交换和决策。该论文首次研究了 TAN 在 2000 年代末至 2010 年代初提倡在欧洲禁止氰化物采矿。该网络旨在影响欧盟环境立法框架，并有助于实施关于污染预防和生物多样性保护的国际协议。本研究借鉴了在该网络发展和维护分支机构的几个欧洲国家进行的广泛实地调查（包括对网络 45 名成员的采访）。该研究通过在确定所研究网络的更核心参与者的过程中将内容分析和社交网络分析相结合，在方法上进行了创新。本研究借鉴了在该网络发展和维护分支机构的几个欧洲国家进行的广泛实地调查（包括对网络 45 名成员的采访）。该研究通过在确定所研究网络的更核心参与者的过程中将内容分析和社交网络分析相结合，在方法上进行了创新。本研究借鉴了在该网络发展和维护分支机构的几个欧洲国家进行的广泛实地调查（包括对网络 45 名成员的采访）。该研究通过在确定所研究网络的更核心参与者的过程中将内容分析和社交网络分析相结合，在方法上进行了创新。