How has ecological knowledge been applied in Norwegian management of hydropower and protected areas? By recognizing a diversity of environmental ‘knowledges’ and science as potentially subordinated to political and economic interests, we explain the link between ecological knowledge and management by the state and scale of knowledge, political conflict and international commitments. The analysis is guided by case-study methodology. We find that ecological knowledge has had weak impact in the management reform of protected areas and been reduced as a decision-making premise in hydropower management. Differing combinations of case-specific factors have produced these outcomes. In the case of protected areas, ecological knowledge was suppressed mainly by opposing economic interests. The hydropower case showed how competing environmental knowledge and international commitments related to renewable energy and climate change overshadowed nature management concerns. These observations highlight the importance of differentiating between types of environmental knowledge and between knowledge and interests in the study of nature management.

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基于知识的保护区和水电管理：挪威的案例

挪威如何将生态知识应用于水电和保护区的管理？通过承认环境“知识”和科学的多样性可能从属于政治和经济利益，我们通过知识的状态和规模、政治冲突和国际承诺来解释生态知识与管理之间的联系。分析以案例研究方法为指导。我们发现生态知识对保护区管理改革的影响较弱，在水电管理中作为决策前提被削弱。特定案例因素的不同组合产生了这些结果。在保护区的情况下，生态知识主要受到经济利益对立的压制。水电案例展示了与可再生能源和气候变化相关的相互竞争的环境知识和国际承诺如何掩盖了自然管理问题。这些观察结果强调了在自然管理研究中区分环境知识类型以及知识和兴趣之间的重要性。