The Paris Agreement on climate change recognizes, reluctantly albeit, the importance of ‘climate justice’ in its Preamble. Despite a change from a top-down burden-sharing approach to a bottom-up pledge and review regime, concerns of distributive justice remain central to the evolution of climate research, regime, and policy. The Paris Agreement also proposes a new market-based mechanism to promote ambition. Reasserting the unavoidability of ‘climate justice’ concerns, and responding to the suggestion that the proposed new market-based mechanism could learn from the experience of the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), this paper argues that such a recommendation should be tested against a comprehensive understanding of compatibility between justice and the market. This paper postulates that both justice and the market have institutional underpinnings, which embed them into deeper, and interconnected, layers of values and relations. Arguing that ‘climate justice’ is best understood as ‘an agreed ensemble of values,’ we propose that the architecture of the UNFCCC in which these values are articulated, negotiated, and agreed upon needs to be conceptualized as consisting of four distinct, but evolving, institutional spheres: ambition, obligations and entitlements, mechanisms, and deliberation. The approach is illustrated using the case of the CDM, and implications are suggested for the proposed market-based mechanism under the Paris Agreement. The paper argues that the concerns of ‘climate justice’ have multiple institutional dimensions, and the market-based mechanisms may contribute to realizing certain dimensions of ‘climate justice,’ while considerably subverting others. The extent of both outcomes depends greatly on the ‘agreed’ conception of justice, design of mechanisms, and capabilities of the participants. Our findings suggest a judicious combination of non-market mechanisms with the market-based mechanisms would better serve the desired goal.

中文翻译：

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基于市场的机制和“气候正义”：重新构建辩论以寻求前进的方向

《巴黎气候变化协定》在序言中承认了“气候正义”的重要性，尽管不情愿。尽管从自上而下的负担分担方法转变为自下而上的承诺和审查制度，但对分配正义的担忧仍然是气候研究、制度和政策演变的核心。《巴黎协定》还提出了一种新的基于市场的机制来促进雄心。重申“气候正义”问题的不可避免性，并回应提议的新的市场机制可以借鉴清洁发展机制 (CDM) 的经验的建议，本文认为这种建议应根据全面的理解正义与市场之间的兼容性。本文假设正义和市场都有制度基础，将它们嵌入到更深、相互关联的价值和关系层中。认为“气候正义”最好被理解为“一个商定的价值观集合”，我们建议将这些价值观表达、谈判和商定的 UNFCCC 架构需要被概念化为由四个不同但不断发展的，制度领域：抱负、义务和权利、机制和审议。该方法使用清洁发展机制的案例进行说明，并建议对巴黎协定下拟议的基于市场的机制的影响。该论文认为，对“气候正义”的关注具有多个制度维度，以市场为基础的机制可能有助于实现“气候正义”的某些方面，同时在很大程度上颠覆其他方面。两种结果的程度在很大程度上取决于“一致同意”的正义概念、机制设计和参与者的能力。我们的研究结果表明，明智地将非市场机制与基于市场的机制结合起来，可以更好地实现预期目标。