Over the last few decades, most personality psychology research has been focused on assessing personality via scores on a few broad traits and investigating how these scores predict various behaviours and outcomes. This approach does not seek to explain the causal mechanisms underlying human personality and thus falls short of explaining the proximal sources of traits as well as the variation of individuals' behaviour over time and across situations. On the basis of the commonalities shared by influential process‐oriented personality theories and models, we describe a general dynamics of personality approach (DPA). The DPA relies heavily on theoretical principles applicable to complex adaptive systems that self‐regulate via feedback mechanisms, and it parses the sources of personality in terms of various psychological functions relevant in different phases of self‐regulation. Thus, we consider personality to be rooted in individual differences in various cognitive, emotional–motivational, and volitional functions, as well as their causal interactions. In this article, we lay out 20 tenets for the DPA that may serve as a guideline for integrative research in personality science. © 2020 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology

中文翻译：

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人格动态法（DPA）：揭示人格因果机制的20条原则

在过去的几十年中，大多数人格心理学研究一直专注于通过对几个广泛特征的得分来评估人格，并研究这些得分如何预测各种行为和结果。这种方法并不试图解释人类人格背后的因果机制，因此不足以解释特质的近端来源以及个体行为随时间和情况的变化。基于有影响力的过程导向型人格理论和模型的共同点，我们描述了人格方法的一般动力学（DPA）。DPA在很大程度上依赖于适用于通过反馈机制进行自我调节的复杂自适应系统的理论原理，并根据与自我调节不同阶段相关的各种心理功能来解析人格的来源。因此，我们认为人格植根于个体在各种认知，情感，动机和意志功能以及因果关系方面的差异。在本文中，我们列出了DPA的20条原则，这些原则可作为人格科学综合研究的指南。©2020作者。John Wiley＆Sons Ltd代表欧洲人格心理学协会出版的《欧洲人格杂志》