ABSTRACT There are several key differences between the codes of ethics developed by the American Psychological Association and the Canadian Psychological Association. This paper tells the story behind the key differences between the U.S. and Canada codes. It starts with an introduction to the two countries and a brief history of what led up to the American Psychological Association’s (APA) decision to develop the world’s first ethics code for psychologists. This is followed by a description of the development process used by APA, and the reasons why the Canadian Psychological Association (CPA) originally adopted the APA code but subsequently chose to develop its own “made-in-Canada” code of ethics. The key differences of the CPA code, the cultural, legal, and philosophical contexts that help explain the rationale for those differences, and why the differences have been maintained are discussed. In particular, attention is given to the CPA code’s strong focus on: (a) the concept of a contract with society; (b) aspiration vs. enforcement; (c) ethical reasoning and decision making; and (d) organizing standards around ethical principles.

中文翻译：

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制定和修订加拿大心理学家道德准则：与美国心理学会准则的主要区别

摘要 美国心理学会和加拿大心理学会制定的道德准则之间存在几个主要差异。本文讲述了美国和加拿大代码之间主要差异背后的故事。它首先介绍了这两个国家，并简要介绍了导致美国心理学会 (APA) 决定制定世界上第一个心理学家道德准则的原因。接下来是对 APA 使用的开发过程的描述，以及加拿大心理学会 (CPA) 最初采用 APA 准则但后来选择制定自己的“加拿大制造”道德准则的原因。CPA 准则的主要差异，有助于解释这些差异的基本原理的文化、法律和哲学背景，并讨论了为什么保持差异。CPA 守则特别强调： (a) 与社会签订合同的概念；(b) 愿望与执行；(c) 道德推理和决策；(d) 围绕道德原则组织标准。