It is difficult to motivate learners to seek out and persist at challenging learning tasks where failure is likely. However, in game environments, people seem highly motivated to engage with challenges and respond productively to failure. Many typical game features purportedly enhance intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy, which should improve students’ reactions to challenge and failure, which should in turn enhance learning. An experimental study with early middle school students tested these assumptions by comparing a “Full” version of a typical, commercial programming game to a “Minimal” version of the same game where common game features such as narrative, performance metrics, high‐quality graphics, and sound were removed. In contrast to our hypotheses, players of the Full Game were less likely to choose coding challenges, were less tolerant of coding failures and gained less coding knowledge. Intrinsic motivation and self‐efficacy did not differ between conditions. Correlational analyses showed that failure tolerance and challenge seeking may critically affect learning from educational games. The current study offers an existence proof that some common game features can hinder players' failure tolerance, challenge‐seeking and learning, in certain game contexts. Future research should isolate the effects of individual game features, test generalizability and explore which contextual variables influence the findings.

中文翻译：

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典型的游戏功能会带来意想不到的后果吗？研究玩家在教育性编程游戏中的学习以及对挑战和失败的反应

很难激发学习者寻求并坚持挑战性学习任务，而这些学习任务很可能会失败。但是，在游戏环境中，人们似乎极有动力去面对挑战并对失败做出有效的反应。据称，许多典型的游戏功能可以增强内在动机和自我效能感，从而可以提高学生对挑战和失败的反应，从而可以增强学习能力。一项针对早期中学生的实验研究通过将典型的商业编程游戏的“完整”版本与同一游戏的“最小”版本（具有叙述，性能指标，高质量图形等常见游戏功能）进行比较，测试了这些假设。 ，并且声音被删除。与我们的假设相反，《全游戏》的玩家选择编码挑战的可能性较小，对编码失败的容忍度较低，并且获得的编码知识也较少。内在动机和自我效能在不同条件下没有差异。相关分析表明，失败的承受能力和寻求挑战可能会严重影响教育游戏的学习。当前的研究提供了一个存在的证明，即某些游戏环境中某些常见的游戏功能可能会阻碍玩家的容错能力，挑战寻求和学习能力。未来的研究应该隔离各个游戏功能的影响，测试普遍性，并探索哪些上下文变量会影响结果。相关分析表明，失败的承受能力和寻求挑战可能会严重影响教育游戏的学习。当前的研究提供了一个存在的证明，即某些游戏环境中某些常见的游戏功能可能会阻碍玩家的容错能力，挑战寻求和学习能力。未来的研究应该隔离各个游戏功能的影响，测试普遍性，并探索哪些上下文变量会影响结果。相关分析表明，失败的承受能力和寻求挑战可能会严重影响教育游戏的学习。当前的研究提供了一个存在的证明，即某些游戏环境中某些常见的游戏功能可能会阻碍玩家的容错能力，挑战寻求和学习能力。未来的研究应该隔离各个游戏功能的影响，测试普遍性，并探索哪些上下文变量会影响结果。