This special issue presents the theory of sociocultural models (TSCM) and its applications in diverse areas of psychology, including education, health care, clinical practice, gender relations, and general research. As many theories already exist in the social sciences, some readers may ask: “Why do cross‐cultural, cultural, and indigenous psychologists need another theory?” This question is comprised of two aspects: culture/cultural and theory/theoretical. Therefore, to answer it, it is important to clarify both issues. The first relates to cultural and its relation to psychological. The second, theory, considers its relation to cultural and psychological. These issues have long‐range implications for all culture and psychology disciplines as they pose many questions: What role does culture play in the mental functioning of people? How is culture constituted? Is cultural related to social? Does people’s mental functioning exert reciprocal influences on their cultural and social functioning? While working toward answering these questions, researchers quickly determine that more questions arise: What role should theories play in answering these questions? What constitutes theory in culture and psychology disciplines? How should such a theory (or such theories) address the triad of cultural, social, and mental? Consequently, in an effort to provide an overview of the TSCM and to begin to answer these questions, this introduction consists of two parts. The first part addresses the sociocultural turn in modern psychology; this part discusses its implications for research in culture and psychology disciplines. The second segment examines the topic of the theoretical backgrounds of cultural and cross‐cultural research and connects the philosophical paradigms of interpretivism and realism with the theory of sociocultural models. This introduction concludes with a brief overview of the articles included in this issue.

中文翻译：

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心理学中的社会文化运动，理论在社会文化探究中的作用以及社会文化模式的理论

本期特刊介绍了社会文化模型（TSCM）的理论及其在心理学的各个领域的应用，包括教育，医疗保健，临床实践，性别关系和一般研究。由于社会科学中已经存在许多理论，一些读者可能会问：“为什么跨文化，文化和本土心理学家需要另一种理论？” 这个问题包括两个方面：文化/文化和理论/理论。因此，要回答这个问题，弄清这两个问题很重要。首先涉及文化及其与心理的关系。第二，理论，考虑了它与文化和心理的关系。这些问题对所有文化和心理学学科都具有长期影响，因为它们提出了许多问题：文化在人们的心理功能中扮演什么角色？文化是如何构成的？文化与社会相关吗？人们的心理功能是否对其文化和社会功能产生相互影响？在努力回答这些问题时，研究人员迅速确定还会出现更多问题：理论在回答这些问题时应发挥什么作用？文化和心理学学科中的理论由什么构成？这样的理论（或这样的理论）应如何解决文化，社会和心理三合会？因此，为了提供对TSCM的概述并开始回答这些问题，本引言由两部分组成。第一部分探讨现代心理学中的社会文化转向；本部分讨论其对文化和心理学学科研究的影响。第二部分探讨文化和跨文化研究的理论背景，并将解释主义和现实主义的哲学范式与社会文化模型理论联系起来。本引言以对本期文章的简要概述作为结束。