In 1982 I began using classroom videos as cues for ethnographic interviews. My colleagues and I asked practitioners in three countries to respond to videos shot in their own and each other’s preschools. The video cues worked to produce conversations that we used in our 1989 book Preschool in Three Cultures to present perspectives on the same events by cultural insiders and outsiders. This article tells the story of the origins and evolution of the Preschool in Three Cultures method, a video‐cued ethnographic method that has multiple influences, including Margaret Mead’s use of film in comparative ethnography, psychological anthropology’s use of projective tests, Mikhail Bakhtin’s concepts of dialogism and multivocality, and Linda Connor’s video‐cued interviewing of a Balinese shaman.

中文翻译：

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视频提示多声民族志方法的起源

1982年，我开始使用课堂录像作为民族志访谈的线索。我和我的同事请三个国家的从业者回应他们自己和彼此的学前班拍摄的视频。视频提示可以产生对话，我们在1989年的《三种文化的学前班》一书中使用了对话，以介绍文化内幕人士和外界人士对同一事件的看法。本文讲述了“三种文化中的学前班”方法的起源和演变，这是一种视频提示的人种志方法，具有多种影响，包括玛格丽特·米德在比较人种志中使用电影，心理人类学对投射测验的使用，米哈伊尔·巴赫金（Mikhail Bakhtin）的观念。对话和多声，以及琳达·康纳（Linda Connor）的视频指导，采访了巴厘萨满。