We report new developments in instrumentation and techniques for both acoustic (speed of sound) and radiometric primary thermometry methods. These include both new cylindrical resonators for extending acoustic gas thermometry to higher temperatures and absolute radiation thermometers incorporating InGaAs detectors to extend primary radiometry to lower temperatures than can be achieved using Si-detector based instruments. These new approaches have been established in order to determine the difference between thermodynamic temperature, T, and the International Temperature Scale of 1990 (the ITS-90), T ₉₀, over the temperature range from 430 K to 1358 K as part of the three-year EMPIR project ‘Implementing the new kelvin 2' (InK2). This paper describes the facilities and measurement methodologies for measuring T—T ₉₀ at each of the different institutes, along with an assessment of the target uncertainties. The work is ongoing, but we anticipate that the results of these measurements will ultimately be pooled to provide consensus values of T—T ₉₀ with associated estimated uncertainties. These consensus values will initially feed into the technical annex of the mise en pratique for the definition of the kelvin (MeP-K-19) and, if required, will be used to help to provide a foundation for any future temperature scale.

我们报告了声学（声速）和辐射度主要测温方法的仪器和技术的新发展。这些产品既包括用于将声波气体测温范围扩展到更高温度的新型圆柱谐振器，也包括与InGaAs检测器相结合的绝对辐射温度计，以将一次辐射测量法扩展至比使用基于Si探测器的仪器所能达到的更低的温度。建立这些新方法是为了确定热力学温度T与1990年国际温度标度（ITS-90）T ₉₀之间的差异。是为期三年的EMPIR项目“实施新的开尔文2”（InK2）的一部分，温度范围为430 K至1358K。本文介绍了测量设备和测量方法牛逼-牛逼 ₉₀在每个不同的机构的，与目标不确定性的评估一起。这项工作正在进行中，但我们预计，这些测量结果将最终汇集到提供的共识值牛逼-牛逼 ₉₀与相关的估计不确定性。这些共识性价值观将首先纳入《杂项法律》的技术附件。 开尔文（MeP-K-19）的定义，如果需要，将用于帮助为将来的任何温度标度提供基础。