Cartilage defects are among the most difficult diseases to cure in clinic. Due to the limited regeneration capacity of chondrocytes, cartilage regeneration is very difficult. Tissue engineering is a potential strategy for cartilage regeneration. The choice of scaffold is a key factor for the successful construction of tissue engineering cartilage. In this research, we successfully constructed the silk/silk fibroin/gelatin/polylactic acid porous microspheres (S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs) scaffold, then further evaluated the physical and chemical properties and biocompatibility of the composite cartilage tissue in vitro and in vivo, also the long-term survival of the composite cartilage in large animals was carried out. The research results showed that S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs composite scaffold had good biocompatibility. The addition of L-polylactic acid porous microspheres (PLLA-PMs) could significantly enhance the mechanical strength of the scaffold and achieve a multi-level pore structure. After 4 weeks of culture in vitro, composite cartilage could be constructed. Further immunohistochemical results showed that S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs scaffold could increase the long-term stability of the composite cartilage transplantation in vivo.

软骨缺损是临床上最难治愈的疾病之一。由于软骨细胞的再生能力有限，软骨再生非常困难。组织工程是软骨再生的潜在策略。支架的选择是成功构建组织工程软骨的关键因素。在本研究中，我们成功构建了丝/丝素/明胶/聚乳酸多孔微球（S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs）支架，并进一步评估了复合软骨组织的理化性质和生物相容性，并对体内，还进行了复合软骨在大型动物体内的长期存活。研究结果表明，S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs复合支架具有良好的生物相容性。L-聚乳酸多孔微球（PLLA-PMs）的加入可以显着提高支架的机械强度，实现多层次的孔结构。体外培养4周后，可构建复合软骨。进一步的免疫组化结果表明，S/SF/G/PLLA-PMs支架可以增加复合软骨移植体内的长期稳定性。