Dopamine is a key neurotransmitter that plays essential roles in the central nervous system, including motor control, motivation, arousal, and reward. Thus, abnormal levels of dopamine directly cause several neurological diseases, including depressive disorders, addiction, and Parkinson’s disease (PD). To develop a new technology to treat such diseases and disorders, especially PD, which is currently incurable, dopamine release from living cells intended for transplantation or drug screening must be precisely monitored and assessed. Owing to the advantages of miniaturisation and rapid detection, numerous electrical techniques have been reported, mostly in combination with various nanomaterials possessing specific nanoscale geometries. This review highlights recent advances in electrical biosensors for dopamine detection, with a particular focus on the use of various nanomaterials (e.g., carbon-based materials, hybrid gold nanostructures, metal oxides, and conductive polymers) on electrode surfaces to improve both sensor performance and biocompatibility. We conclude that this review will accelerate the development of electrical biosensors intended for the precise detection of metabolite release from living cells, which will ultimately lead to advances in therapeutic materials and techniques to cure various neurodegenerative disorders.

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用于活细胞中多巴胺检测的纳米材料修饰电平台的最新进展

多巴胺是一种关键的神经递质，在中枢神经系统中起着至关重要的作用，包括运动控制，动机，唤醒和奖赏。因此，多巴胺的异常水平直接导致多种神经系统疾病，包括抑郁症，成瘾和帕金森氏病（PD）。为了开发一种新技术来治疗目前无法治愈的此类疾病和病症，尤其是PD，必须精确监控和评估从打算用于移植或药物筛选的活细胞中释放多巴胺的情况。由于小型化和快速检测的优点，已经报道了许多电技术，主要是与具有特定纳米级几何形状的各种纳米材料结合。这篇评论重点介绍了用于多巴胺检测的电子生物传感器的最新进展，特别关注在电极表面上使用各种纳米材料（例如，碳基材料，杂化金纳米结构，金属氧化物和导电聚合物）以改善传感器性能和生物相容性。我们得出结论，这项审查将加速旨在精确检测从活细胞释放的代谢物的电子生物传感器的开发，这最终将导致治疗各种神经退行性疾病的治疗材料和技术的进步。