The concept of peer-to-peer (P2P) trading, or transactive energy (TE), is gaining momentum as a future grid restructure. It has the potentials to utilize distributed energy resources (DERs), proactive demand side management (DSM), and the infusion in information and communication technologies (e.g., blockchain and Internet of Things (IoT)) for promoting the technical and economic efficiency of the system in its entirety. An efficient market framework is vital for the successful and sustainable implementation of such a concept. This article proposes a P2P energy trading framework enabled by blockchain. It consolidates bilateral contracts, an electronic-commerce platform, a double-auction Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (VCG) mechanism, and trading functionalities with the main grid. Through these multi-layer mechanisms, various trading preferences and attributes of electricity generation and/or consumption are accommodated. Meanwhile, the VCG mechanism eliminates any potential for market power exercise via incentivizing truthful bidding of participants. Different remedies are proposed to overcome the drawback of VCG, i.e., the lack of balanced-budget property. Accordingly, the proposed trading framework is described as multi-settlement and quasi-ideal. Case studies are conducted to analyze and evaluate the proposed trading framework and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed remedies in handling probable market deficiencies.

中文翻译：

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启用区块链的多结算准理想对等交易框架

随着未来电网的重组，对等（P2P）交易或无功能源（TE）的概念越来越流行。它具有利用分布式能源（DER），主动需求侧管理（DSM）以及注入信息和通信技术（例如，区块链和物联网（IoT））的潜力，以提高企业的技术和经济效率。整个系统。有效的市场框架对于成功，可持续地实施这一概念至关重要。本文提出了一种由区块链支持的P2P能源交易框架。它合并了双边合同，一个电子商务平台，双重拍卖的Vickrey-Clarke-Groves（VCG）机制以及与主网格的交易功能。通过这些多层机制，适应了各种交易偏好和发电和/或消耗的属性。同时，VCG机制通过激励参与者的真实竞标消除了任何潜在的市场支配力。为了克服VCG的缺点，即缺乏平衡的预算性质，提出了各种补救措施。因此，建议的交易框架被描述为多结算和准理想交易。进行案例研究以分析和评估建议的交易框架，并证明建议的补救措施在处理可能的市场缺陷方面的有效性。为了克服VCG的缺点，即缺乏平衡的预算性质，提出了各种补救措施。因此，建议的交易框架被描述为多结算和准理想交易。进行案例研究以分析和评估建议的交易框架，并证明建议的补救措施在处理可能的市场缺陷方面的有效性。为了克服VCG的缺点，即缺乏平衡的预算性质，提出了各种补救措施。因此，建议的交易框架被描述为多结算和准理想交易。进行案例研究以分析和评估建议的交易框架，并证明建议的补救措施在处理可能的市场缺陷方面的有效性。