The technological development of photovoltaic (PV) devices (perovskite-based or bifacial modules, etc.) has progressed considerably, but the commercial PV modules do not show analogous improvements and their efficiency is still low. Therefore, a diagnostic tool that can check the current operation of installed PV modules and their aging is important. In this scenario, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), equipped with a camera, infrared (IR) camera, or both, represents a new avenue for the fast evaluation of faults for large or not easily accessible PV plants and the discovery of defective PV modules. Thermography has the advantage of not disconnecting the PV system during the inspection. Nevertheless, some specific parameters, such as the emissivity, the reflected temperature, and the resolution, are fixed during the acquisition, even if their values are dependent on the mutual position (distance and angle) between the IR camera and the PV modules. The movement of the UAV, equipped with an IR camera, modifies the position of the IR camera, and due to this movement, the values of the parameters can be incorrect during acquisition, which also results in errors in the radiometric map. In this article, we explore these issues and provide suggestions to ensure the correct acquisition and reading of thermal images of PV modules.

中文翻译：

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用于检测故障光伏组件的联合无人机和红外摄像系统的正确设置


光伏（PV）器件（基于钙钛矿或双面组件等）的技术发展已经取得了长足的进步，但商业光伏组件并没有显示出类似的改进，并且其效率仍然较低。因此，一个可以检查已安装光伏组件当前运行情况及其老化情况的诊断工具非常重要。在这种情况下，配备摄像头、红外 (IR) 摄像头或两者的无人机 (UAV) 代表了快速评估大型或不易接近的光伏电站故障以及发现有缺陷光伏电站的新途径模块。热成像技术的优点是在检查过程中无需断开光伏系统。然而，一些特定参数，例如发射率、反射温度和分辨率，在采集过程中是固定的，即使它们的值取决于红外摄像机和光伏模块之间的相互位置（距离和角度）。配备红外摄像机的无人机的移动会改变红外摄像机的位置，并且由于这种移动，在采集过程中参数值可能不正确，这也会导致辐射图出现错误。在本文中，我们探讨了这些问题并提供建议，以确保正确采集和读取光伏组件的热图像。