High-performance wireless communication is crucial to the digital transformation of industrial systems, which is driven by Industry 4.0 and Industrial Internet initiatives. Among the candidate industrial wireless technologies, 5G (cellular/mobile) holds significant potential. The operation of private (nonpublic) 5G networks in industrial environments is promising to fully unleash this potential. This article provides a technical overview of private 5G networks. It introduces the concept and functional architecture of private 5G while highlighting key benefits and industrial use cases. It explores spectrum opportunities for private 5G networks and discusses design aspects of private 5G along with key challenges. Finally, it examines the emerging standardization and open innovation ecosystem for private 5G.

中文翻译：

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私有 5G：工业无线的未来

在工业 4.0 和工业互联网计划的推动下，高性能无线通信对于工业系统的数字化转型至关重要。在候选的工业无线技术中，5G（蜂窝/移动）具有巨大的潜力。工业环境中私有（非公共）5G 网络的运行有望充分释放这种潜力。本文提供了私有 5G 网络的技术概述。它介绍了私有 5G 的概念和功能架构，同时突出了关键优势和行业用例。它探索了私有 5G 网络的频谱机会，并讨论了私有 5G 的设计方面以及关键挑战。最后，它考察了私有 5G 的新兴标准化和开放式创新生态系统。