The great importance of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe) for the subsistence of the human populations of Patagonia during the Holocene has been demonstrated in numerous studies. This species is considered as the main prey of the hunter-gatherer groups of the Patagonian interior, indicating the existence of a strong ecological relationship of predator-prey type. Despite the importance of this ungulate for prehistoric human populations, its spatial distribution throughout the Holocene has not been systematically explored, assuming that it was ubiquitously distributed in almost all of Patagonia. In this work, the spatial distribution of the guanaco in Patagonia during different periods of the final Pleistocene and Holocene is explored using zooarchaeological and paleontological evidence together with species distribution models and paleoclimatic reconstructions. Likewise, the spatial variation in the importance of this species for the diet of human populations is assessed. The results show that there were large differences in the distribution of guanaco in Patagonia over time. In general terms, this camelid suffered a constant contraction in range since the Late Pleistocene period to the present. There is an Andean range and peri-cordilleran core of population distribution that remains observable during all this time. Human subsistence was strongly influenced by this pattern of distribution. The differences in the guanaco distribution described in this work are important not only for archaeological and paleontological problems, but also for the current conservation of guanacos.

骆驼（喇嘛guanicoe）在众多研究中证明了全新世期间巴塔哥尼亚人口的生存。该物种被认为是巴塔哥尼亚内部狩猎-采集者群体的主要猎物，这表明存在着与捕食者-猎物类型密切的生态关系。尽管这种有蹄类动物对于史前人类很重要，但假设它几乎遍及整个巴塔哥尼亚，就没有系统地研究整个全新世的空间分布。在这项工作中，利用动物考古学和古生物学证据以及物种分布模型和古气候重建方法，探索了在巴塔哥尼亚最终更新世和全新世不同时期的鬣蜥的空间分布。同样 评估了该物种对人类饮食的重要性的空间变化。结果表明，随着时间的推移，巴塔哥尼亚鬣蜥的分布有很大差异。一般而言，自更新世晚期到现在，该骆驼科动物的范围不断缩小。在整个这段时间里，仍然可以观察到安第斯山脉和近cordilleran人口分布的核心。这种分布方式极大地影响了人类的生存。这项工作中描述的骆驼科动物分布的差异不仅对于考古和古生物学问题很重要，而且对于目前的骆驼科动物保护也很重要。结果表明，随着时间的推移，巴塔哥尼亚鬣蜥的分布有很大差异。一般而言，自更新世晚期到现在，该骆驼科动物的范围不断缩小。在整个这段时间里，仍然可以观察到安第斯山脉和近cordilleran人口分布的核心。这种分布方式极大地影响了人类的生存。这项工作中描述的骆驼科动物分布的差异不仅对于考古和古生物学问题很重要，而且对于目前的骆驼科动物保护也很重要。结果表明，随着时间的推移，巴塔哥尼亚鬣蜥的分布有很大差异。一般而言，自更新世晚期到现在，该骆驼科动物的范围不断缩小。在整个这段时间里，仍然可以观察到安第斯山脉和近cordilleran人口分布的核心。这种分布方式极大地影响了人类的生存。这项工作中描述的骆驼科动物分布的差异不仅对于考古和古生物学问题很重要，而且对于目前的骆驼科动物保护也很重要。在整个这段时间里，仍然可以观察到安第斯山脉和近cordilleran人口分布的核心。这种分布方式极大地影响了人类的生存。这项工作中描述的骆驼科动物分布的差异不仅对于考古和古生物学问题很重要，而且对于目前的骆驼科动物保护也很重要。在整个这段时间里，仍然可以观察到安第斯山脉和近cordilleran人口分布的核心。这种分布方式极大地影响了人类的生存。这项工作中描述的骆驼科动物分布的差异不仅对于考古和古生物学问题很重要，而且对于目前的骆驼科动物保护也很重要。