During each Heinrich stadial (HS), temperatures in southern Europe typically dropped several degrees during several hundred to few thousand years. We have developed a one-dimensional thermal conduction model that transfers the typical surface temperature anomaly of a HS to a series of hypothetical underlying caves. The results show that with increasing depth, the thermal anomaly is attenuated, the lag time increases, and the signal structure experiences larger modifications. The model suggests that in most cases, it is not acceptable to assume a synchronous thermal variability and similar average temperature values between the surface atmosphere and the cave interior at millennial timescales. We also simulated the thermal impact of the modeled HS on speleothem δ18O records. The outputs of most model scenarios suggest that temperature changes associated with the HS produce δ18O anomalies capable of contributing significantly or even decisively to the speleothem isotope variability. Therefore, despite controls other than temperature often being considered more important when interpreting Pleistocene speleothem δ18O records in temperate climates, this research suggests that temperature is expected to be one of the major controls of δ18O values in most cave sites outside the tropics and should be included as a significant parameter affecting Pleistocene speleothem δ18O records.

中文翻译：

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Heinrich stadials 对洞穴温度和 speleothem 氧同位素记录的热影响

在每个 Heinrich stadial (HS) 期间，南欧的气温通常在几百到几千年期间下降几度。我们开发了一个一维热传导模型，将 HS 的典型表面温度异常转移到一系列假设的潜在洞穴。结果表明，随着深度的增加，热异常减弱，滞后时间增加，信号结构经历较大的修改。该模型表明，在大多数情况下，假设在千年时间尺度上地表大气和洞穴内部之间存在同步的热变率和相似的平均温度值是不可接受的。我们还模拟了模拟 HS 对 speleothem δ 的热影响18O 记录。大多数模型情景的输出表明，与 HS 相关的温度变化会产生 δ18O 异常能够显着甚至决定性地促进 speleothem 同位素变异性。因此，尽管在解释更新世 speleothem δ 时，通常认为温度以外的控制更为重要18O 记录在温带气候中，这项研究表明温度有望成为 δ 的主要控制因素之一18热带以外的大多数洞穴遗址中的 O 值，应作为影响更新世洞穴 δ 的重要参数包括在内18O 记录。